Global InformationTopaz War Relocation Center information
Central Utah Relocation Center (Topaz) | |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
 Looking down a main thoroughfare at Topaz (October 18, 1942) | |
| Location | Millard County, Utah, United States |
|---|---|
| Nearest city | Delta, Utah |
| Coordinates | 39°24′52″N 112°46′22″W / 39.4143965°N 112.7727318°W[1] |
| Area | 300 acres (120 ha) |
| Built | 1942 |
| Architect | Daley Brothers |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001934 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 2, 1974[2] |
| Designated NHL | March 29, 2007[3] |
The Topaz War Relocation Center, also known as the Central Utah Relocation Center (Topaz) and briefly as the Abraham Relocation Center, was an American concentration camp in which Americans of Japanese descent and immigrants who had come to the United States from Japan, called Nikkei were incarcerated. President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, ordering people of Japanese ancestry to be incarcerated in what were euphemistically called "relocation centers" like Topaz during World War II. Most of the people incarcerated at Topaz came from the Tanforan Assembly Center and previously lived in the San Francisco Bay Area. The camp was opened in September 1942 and closed in October 1945.
The camp, approximately 15 miles (24.1 km) west of Delta, Utah, consisted of 19,800 acres (8,012.8 ha),[4] with a 640 acres (259.0 ha) main living area.[5] Most internees lived in the main living area, though some lived off-site as agricultural and industrial laborers. The approximately 9,000 internees and staff made Topaz into the fifth-largest city in Utah at the time. The extreme temperature fluctuations of the arid area combined with uninsulated barracks made conditions very uncomfortable, even after the belated installation of pot-bellied stoves. The camp housed two elementary schools and a high school, a library, and some recreational facilities. Camp life was documented in a newspaper, Topaz Times, and in the literary publication Trek. Internees worked inside and outside the camp, mostly in agricultural labor. Many internees became notable artists.
In the winter of 1942–1943, a loyalty questionnaire asked prisoners if they would declare their loyalty to the United States of America and if they would be willing to enlist. The questions were divisive, and prisoners who were considered "disloyal" because of their answers on the loyalty questionnaire were sent to the Tule Lake Segregation Camp. One internee, James Wakasa, was shot and killed for being too close to the camp's fence. Topaz prisoners held a large funeral and stopped working until administrators relaxed security.
In 1983, Jane Beckwith founded the Topaz Museum Board. Topaz became a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 2007. After many years of organizing, fundraising, and collecting information and artifacts, the Topaz Museum was built in Delta and debuted with a display of the art created at Topaz. Permanent exhibits, installed in 2017, chronicle the people who were interned there and tell their stories.
- ^ "Central Utah Relocation Center (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. December 31, 1979. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ "National Register Information System – (#74001934)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ "Central Utah Relocation Center (Topaz) Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
uwpresswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Huefnerwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).