In particle physics, the top quark condensate theory (or top condensation) is an alternative to the Standard Model fundamental Higgs field, where the Higgs boson is a composite field, composed of the top quark and its antiquark.
The top quark-antiquark pairs are bound together by a new force called topcolor, analogous to the binding of Cooper pairs in a BCS superconductor, or mesons in the strong interactions. The top quark is very heavy, with a measured mass of approximately 174 GeV (comparable to the electroweak scale), and so its Yukawa coupling is of order unity, suggesting the possibility of strong coupling dynamics at high energy scales. This model attempts to explain how the electroweak scale may match the top quark mass.
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The topquark, sometimes also referred to as the truth quark, (symbol: t) is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It derives its mass...
traveling near the speed of light Topquarkcondensate, an alternative theory to the Standard Model Biomolecular condensate This disambiguation page lists...
bbs,} heavy-heavy-strange baryons. Conformal anomaly Little Higgs TopQuarkCondensate See Current algebra. Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD is furthermore...
the gauge groups contains the top and bottom quarks, and has a sufficiently large coupling constant to cause the condensate to form. The topcolor model...
non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quarkcondensate in the complete theory which includes quarks. The presence of these condensates characterizes...
fermions called techniquarks. Other models feature pairs of topquarks (see topquarkcondensate). In yet other models, there is no Higgs field at all and...
nonlinear sigma models. Models of composite W and Z vector bosons. Topquarkcondensate. Extra-dimensional Higgsless models use the fifth component of the...
square of the pion mass is proportional to the sum of the quark masses times the quarkcondensate: M π 2 = ( m u + m d ) B + O ( m 2 ) {\displaystyle M_{\pi...
of the proton are the quarkcondensate (~9%, comprising the up and down quarks and a sea of virtual strange quarks), the quark kinetic energy (~32%),...
states are possible, including plasma, Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma. Usually atoms can be imagined as a nucleus...
of unparticle nature. Models of composite W and Z vector bosons. Topquarkcondensate. "Unitary Weyl gauge". By adding a suitable gravitational term to...
etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. These particles include all quarks and leptons and all composite particles made of an odd number of these,...
such particles, now known as Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensate. All observed elementary particles are either bosons (with integer spin)...
as the Landau model of a charged Bose–Einstein condensate. In the relativistic condensate, the condensate is a scalar field that is relativistically invariant...
tube typical servings include sweetened quark fresh cheese with sour cream and sugar, various fruits topped with bita śmietana (whipped cream) or with...
gauge symmetries is often due to creation of a fermionic condensate — e.g., the quarkcondensate, which is connected to the dynamical breaking of chiral...
Bose–Einstein condensate. 2005 – the RHIC accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory generates a "perfect" fluid, perhaps the quark–gluon plasma. 2012...
Venugopalan (2003). "The Color Glass Condensate and High Energy Scattering in QCQ". In R. C. Hwa; X.-N. Wang (eds.). Quark–Gluon Plasma 3. World Scientific...
have been reported, but not conclusively proven, to be in Bose–Einstein condensates, thin magnetic films and in chiral nematic liquid crystals and in free-space...
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