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The Tongzhi Restoration (simplified Chinese: 同治中兴; traditional Chinese: 同治中興; pinyin: Tóngzhì Zhōngxīng; Wade–Giles: T'ung-chih Chung-hsing; c. 1860–1874) was an attempt to arrest the dynastic decline of the Qing dynasty by restoring the traditional order. The harsh realities of the Opium War, the unequal treaties, and the mid-century mass uprisings of the Taiping Rebellion caused Qing officials to recognize the need to strengthen China. The Tongzhi Restoration was named for the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–1875), and was engineered by the young emperor's mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908). The restoration, however, which applied "practical knowledge" while reaffirming the old mentality, was not a genuine program of modernization. Academics are divided as to whether the Tongzhi Restoration arrested the dynastic decline or merely delayed its inevitable occurrence.[1]
^Jonathan D. Spence, The search for modern China (1990). pp 194-215.
and 24 Related for: Tongzhi Restoration information
historians call the "TongzhiRestoration", an unsuccessful modernization program. The only surviving son of the Xianfeng Emperor, Tongzhi ascended the throne...
Tongzhi (Wade-Giles: T'ung-chih) can refer to: Tongzhi Emperor (1856–1875, reigned 1861–1875) of the Qing dynasty TongzhiRestoration (c. 1860–1874),...
the Tongzhi Emperor. After the coup, he served as Prince-Regent from 1861 to 1865 and presided over the reforms implemented during the Tongzhi Restoration...
the death of the Tongzhi Emperor in 1875. Ci'an continued as co-regent until her death in 1881. Cixi supervised the TongzhiRestoration, a series of moderate...
deaths of over 20 million people, from famine, disease, and war. The TongzhiRestoration in the 1860s brought vigorous reforms and the introduction of foreign...
Zongtang and Li Hongzhang of his time, Zeng set the scene for the TongzhiRestoration, an attempt to arrest the decline of the Qing dynasty. Zeng was known...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
emissaries to be sent abroad by the Qing government, as a result of the TongzhiRestoration. Guo was born in Xiangyin, Hunan in 1818. As a young man, Guo studied...
the year 1875. The TongzhiRestoration was a significant period in Chinese history that occurred during the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing dynasty...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
(1862–77) Panthay Rebellion Rover incident in Taiwan Formosa Expedition TongzhiRestoration Hakka-Punti Clan Wars end, Hakka were allocated their own independent...
Qing Dynasty. This set the scene for the era later known as the "TongzhiRestoration" (同治中兴). His assassination symbolized the serious conflict between...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
led by Empress Myeongseong, who wanted to open trade. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan had adopted an aggressive foreign policy, contesting Chinese domination...
essays; Bao Shichen; and most prominent, Zeng Guofan, architect of the TongzhiRestoration and leader of Xiang Army. Later 19th-century alumni include Zuo Zongtang...
councillors, to assist his infant son Zaichun, later to be known as the Tongzhi Emperor. The eight regents, Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Jingshou, Sushun, Muyin,...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
head from 1861 to 1908. She was a moderate reformer, overseeing the TongzhiRestoration. The turn of the century Boxer Rebellion exemplified popular discontent...
system Ma–Xi meeting Manchu Restoration Nanjing decade New Life Movement Shanghai massacre Three Links TongzhiRestoration Self-Strengthening Movement...
century, the system broke down. Thus the 1867–68 famine under the TongzhiRestoration was successfully relieved but the Great North China Famine of 1877–78...