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Checked tone information


Checked tone
Traditional Chinese入聲
Simplified Chinese入声
Literal meaningthe tone of character 入
'entering' tone
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese促聲
Simplified Chinese促声
Literal meaningthe hurried tone

A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a type of syllable that ends in a stop consonant or a glottal stop. Separating the checked tone allows -p, -t, and -k to be treated as allophones of -m, -n, and -ng, respectively, since they are in complementary distribution. Stops appear only in the checked tone, and nasals appear only in the other tones. Because of the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables. Chinese phonetics have traditionally counted them separately.

Final voiceless stops and therefore the checked "tones" have disappeared from most Mandarin dialects, spoken in northern and southwestern China, but have been preserved in southeastern Chinese branches like Yue, Min, and Hakka.

Tones are an indispensable part of Chinese literature, as characters in poetry and prose were chosen according to tones and rhymes for their euphony. This use of language helps reconstructing Old Chinese and Middle Chinese pronunciations since Chinese writing system is logographic, rather than phonetic.

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Checked tone

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A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually...

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Sinitic languages

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the historical dark checked tone, though is listed as its own group by others, often due to its more regular light checked tones. Jilu Mandarin is spoken...

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Sichuanese dialects

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tones in Sichuanese: dark level tone, light level tone, rising tone, departing tone and entering tone (or checked tone). In some regions the checked tone...

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Meixian dialect

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the following: 陰入 [ ˩ ] a low pitched checked tone 陽入 [ ˥ ] a high pitched checked tone Middle Chinese entering tone syllables ending in [k] whose vowel...

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Checked and free vowels

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otherwise be checked; for example, the a of tap corresponding to /æ/ whereas that in tape corresponds to /eɪ/. List of phonetics topics Checked tone of Chinese...

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Northern Wu phonology

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aspiration conditions a further tone split through the dark tones. Note that, unlike Yue languages, the dark checked tone split is conditioned by aspiration...

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Shanghainese

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The checked tones are shorter, and describe those rimes which end in a glottal stop /ʔ/. That is, both the yin–yang distinction and the checked tones are...

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Mandarin Chinese

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aspirated and voiced consonants. There were four tones, with the fourth or "entering tone", a checked tone comprising syllables ending in plosives (-p, -t...

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Old Mandarin

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However, checked tone syllables (ending in the stops /p/, /t/ or /k/ in Middle Chinese) were all written with a glottal stop ending. (Other tones are not...

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Hokkien phonology

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and S respectively. Finals with the coda /-ʔ/ are considered to be the checked tone counterparts for the open-vowel finals. /ə/ is not found in Amoy Hokkien...

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Tone letter

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are level tones, it's a common convention to use double tone letters for those level tones, and single tone letters for short checked tones, as in Taiwanese...

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Wu Chinese

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voiced initials of the ancient Middle Chinese and by preserving the checked tone as a glottal stop. The phonological divergence between Wu and other Chinese...

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Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area

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analyses, syllables ending in stops have been treated as a fourth or "checked tone", because their distribution parallels that of syllables with nasal codas...

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Malaysian Mandarin

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'flat' sound as well as its extensive use of glottal stops and the "checked tone." This results in a distinct "clipped" sound compared to other forms...

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Cantonese phonology

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three checked tones are separated, the stop codas /p, t, k/ are in complementary distribution with the nasal codas /m, n, ŋ/. Cantonese uses tone contours...

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Pinghua

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Southern dialect has several notable features such as having four distinct checked tones, and using various loanwords from the Zhuang languages, such as the...

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Burmese language

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only on the basis of tone: Low ခါ /kʰà/ "shake" High ခါး /kʰá/ "be bitter" Creaky ခ /kʰa̰/ "to wait upon; to attend on" Checked ခတ် /kʰaʔ/ "to beat; to...

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Teochew Min

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the "dark—light" order (the checked tones are 7 and 8) or in the "level—rising—departing—entering" order (the checked tones are 4 and 8). This section...

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No audible release

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audible release and may be transcribed as [m̚] of different length and tone. Checked tone Glottal reinforcement Lateral release (phonetics) Nasal release T-glottalization...

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Fuzhou dialect

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assimilation that occurs after them. Although the iòng-ĭk (陽入) tone is also a checked tone composed of both types of syllables, in -k and in -h, there is...

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Tone contour

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consonant, may be called checked, abrupt, clipped, or stopped tones. It has been theorized that the relative timing of a contour tone is not distinctive. That...

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Zhenjiang dialect

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yinping), Tone 2 (35) (a rising tone or yangping), Tone 3 (32) (slight falling tone or shang), Tone 4 (55) (high even or qu), and Tone 5 (5) (checked tone or...

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Wuhan dialect

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Mandarin varieties, there are four tones. Words with the checked tone in Middle Chinese became the light level tone. Dark level 55 (also 44) Light level...

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Demonstrative

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also have a distance-neutral demonstrative 搿, which is etymologically a checked-tone derivation of 個. In lects such as Shanghainese, distance-based demonstratives...

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