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Checked tone
Traditional Chinese
入聲
Simplified Chinese
入声
Literal meaning
the tone of character 入 'entering' tone
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
rùshēng
Wade–Giles
ju4-shêng1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
yahpsīng
Jyutping
jap6 sing1
IPA
[jɐp̚˨.seŋ˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
ji̍p-siaⁿ
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
促聲
Simplified Chinese
促声
Literal meaning
the hurried tone
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
cùshēng
Wade–Giles
ts'u4-shêng1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
chūksīng
Jyutping
cuk1 sing1
IPA
[tsʰok̚˥.seŋ˥]
A checked tone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense but rather a type of syllable that ends in a stop consonant or a glottal stop. Separating the checked tone allows -p, -t, and -k to be treated as allophones of -m, -n, and -ng, respectively, since they are in complementary distribution. Stops appear only in the checked tone, and nasals appear only in the other tones. Because of the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables. Chinese phonetics have traditionally counted them separately.
Final voiceless stops and therefore the checked "tones" have disappeared from most Mandarin dialects, spoken in northern and southwestern China, but have been preserved in southeastern Chinese branches like Yue, Min, and Hakka.
Tones are an indispensable part of Chinese literature, as characters in poetry and prose were chosen according to tones and rhymes for their euphony. This use of language helps reconstructing Old Chinese and Middle Chinese pronunciations since Chinese writing system is logographic, rather than phonetic.
A checkedtone, commonly known by the Chinese calque entering tone, is one of the four syllable types in the phonology of Middle Chinese. Although usually...
tones in Sichuanese: dark level tone, light level tone, rising tone, departing tone and entering tone (or checkedtone). In some regions the checked tone...
the historical dark checkedtone, though is listed as its own group by others, often due to its more regular light checkedtones. Jilu Mandarin is spoken...
otherwise be checked; for example, the a of tap corresponding to /æ/ whereas that in tape corresponds to /eɪ/. List of phonetics topics Checkedtone of Chinese...
the following: 陰入 [ ˩ ] a low pitched checkedtone 陽入 [ ˥ ] a high pitched checkedtone Middle Chinese entering tone syllables ending in [k] whose vowel...
The checkedtones are shorter, and describe those rimes which end in a glottal stop /ʔ/. That is, both the yin–yang distinction and the checkedtones are...
aspiration conditions a further tone split through the dark tones. Note that, unlike Yue languages, the dark checkedtone split is conditioned by aspiration...
aspirated and voiced consonants. There were four tones, with the fourth or "entering tone", a checkedtone comprising syllables ending in plosives (-p, -t...
However, checkedtone syllables (ending in the stops /p/, /t/ or /k/ in Middle Chinese) were all written with a glottal stop ending. (Other tones are not...
are level tones, it's a common convention to use double tone letters for those level tones, and single tone letters for short checkedtones, as in Taiwanese...
voiced initials of the ancient Middle Chinese and by preserving the checkedtone as a glottal stop. The phonological divergence between Wu and other Chinese...
analyses, syllables ending in stops have been treated as a fourth or "checkedtone", because their distribution parallels that of syllables with nasal codas...
and S respectively. Finals with the coda /-ʔ/ are considered to be the checkedtone counterparts for the open-vowel finals. /ə/ is not found in Amoy Hokkien...
'flat' sound as well as its extensive use of glottal stops and the "checkedtone." This results in a distinct "clipped" sound compared to other forms...
three checkedtones are separated, the stop codas /p, t, k/ are in complementary distribution with the nasal codas /m, n, ŋ/. Cantonese uses tone contours...
only on the basis of tone: Low ခါ /kʰà/ "shake" High ခါး /kʰá/ "be bitter" Creaky ခ /kʰa̰/ "to wait upon; to attend on" Checked ခတ် /kʰaʔ/ "to beat; to...
the "dark—light" order (the checkedtones are 7 and 8) or in the "level—rising—departing—entering" order (the checkedtones are 4 and 8). This section...
Southern dialect has several notable features such as having four distinct checkedtones, and using various loanwords from the Zhuang languages, such as the...
audible release and may be transcribed as [m̚] of different length and tone. Checkedtone Glottal reinforcement Lateral release (phonetics) Nasal release T-glottalization...
yinping), Tone 2 (35) (a rising tone or yangping), Tone 3 (32) (slight falling tone or shang), Tone 4 (55) (high even or qu), and Tone 5 (5) (checkedtone or...
tones. Historically, finals that end in a stop consonant were considered to be "checkedtones" and thus counted separately for a total of nine tones....
assimilation that occurs after them. Although the iòng-ĭk (陽入) tone is also a checkedtone composed of both types of syllables, in -k and in -h, there is...
Mandarin varieties, there are four tones. Words with the checkedtone in Middle Chinese became the light level tone. Dark level 55 (also 44) Light level...
also have a distance-neutral demonstrative 搿, which is etymologically a checked-tone derivation of 個. In lects such as Shanghainese, distance-based demonstratives...
pitches vis a vis Mandarin. The ancient checkedtone of Chinese has been redistributed entirely into the departing tone. There are 24 initials in the Zigong...
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