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Tironian notes (Latin: notae Tironianae) are a form of thousands of signs that were formerly used in a system of shorthand (Tironian shorthand) dating from the 1st century BCE and named after Tiro, a personal secretary to Marcus Tullius Cicero, who is often credited as their inventor.[1] Tiro's system consisted of about 4,000 signs,[2] extended to 5,000 signs by others. During the medieval period, Tiro's notation system was taught in European monasteries and expanded to a total of about 13,000 signs.[3] The use of Tironian notes declined after 1100 but lasted into the 17th century. A few Tironian signs are still used today.[4][5]
^Di Renzo, Anthony (2000). "His Master's Voice: Tiro and the Rise of the Roman Secretarial Class" (PDF). Journal of Technical Writing & Communication. 30 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
^Job, Barbara. Schierholz, Stefan J. (ed.). "Kürzel" [Shorthand]. Wörterbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (WSK) Online (in German). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^Guénin, Louis-Prosper; Guénin, Eugène (1908). Histoire de la sténographie dans l'antiquité et au moyen-âge; les notes tironiennes (in French). Paris: Hachette et cie. OCLC 301255530.
^Mitzschke, Paul Gottfried; Lipsius, Justus (1882) [1875]. Biography of the father of stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro; together with the Latin letter, "De notis", concerning the origin of shorthand. Translated by Heffley, Norman P. OCLC 11943552.
^Kopp, Ulrich Friedrich; Bischoff, Bernhard (1965). Lexicon Tironianum (in German). Osnabrück: Zeller. OCLC 2996309.
The use of Tironiannotes declined after 1100 but lasted into the 17th century. A few Tironian signs are still used today. Tironiannotes can be themselves...
The Tironiannotes consisted of Latin word stem abbreviations (notae) and of word ending abbreviations (titulae). The original Tironiannotes consisted...
the character ⁊ (U+204A ⁊ TIRONIAN SIGN ET) is used in place of the ampersand. This character is a survival of Tironiannotes, a medieval shorthand system...
many unique scribal abbreviations, along with many borrowings from Tironiannotes. Insular script was spread to England by the Hiberno-Scottish mission;...
existed earlier than that. The script uses many ligatures (see, e.g., Tironiannotes), and some letters are hard to recognize – "a" looks like an uncial...
commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Tironiannotes were a shorthand system consisting of thousands of signs. New Roman...
alternative hypothesis claims that the German letter ß originated in Tironiannotes. Some old orthographic systems of Slavonic and Baltic languages used...
vernacular documents roman cursive or even a form of shorthand, called tironiannotes, were used. Whereas the meticulously drawn textualis quadrata was the...
Cicero's life. He is credited with inventing the shorthand system of Tironiannotes, later used by medieval monks, among others. There is no clear evidence...
code, in preparation for inclusion in the Unicode Standard, although the Tironian et has already been included in Unicode. Weaver, Angus (1908). Abbreviated...
column and the Column of Marcus Aurelius. Stenography, a system of See Tironiannotes. Street map, early See Forma Urbis Romae (Severan Marble Plan), a carved...
Timurid – Timur (Tamerlane) (as in Timurid Empire) Tironian – Marcus Tullius Tiro (as in Tironiannotes) Titanic – Titan (as in Titanic prime) Tolkienism...
Enhanced Messaging Service Mobile dial code Operator messaging Telegram Tironiannotes, scribal abbreviations and ligatures: Roman and medieval abbreviations...
abbreviations – Abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes Tironiannotes – Roman shorthand system Typographic ligature – Glyph combining two...
river in Mindanao The Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary A symbol in the Tironiannotes shorthand system (⟨⁊⟩) when used as an abbreviation for agus ("and")...
the ampersand, then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironiannote ond (⁊), an insular symbol for and: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q...
translate from the intermediate code into their own. It was based on the Tironiannotes system, supposedly devised by Cicero's secretary. In 1624 Augustus the...
typography), though some modern fonts replace the ampersand with the Tironiannote ostensibly because both mean 'and'. The Irish uncial alphabet originated...
volume he treated the Greek and Latin Stenography, in the second the Tironiannotes. Kopp was the first to recognize the derivation of this writing from...
Terminal punctuation History of sentence spacing for typographical details Tironiannotes, a system of shorthand that consisted of about 4,000 signs Usage Encyclopædia...
1890. Marcus Tullius Tiro - Roman secretary, ascribed invention of Tironiannotes shorthand c. 63 BC, according to tradition. J. R. R. Tolkien - British...
of words by spellcheckers) Jejemon English language spelling reform Tironiannotes, scribal abbreviations and ligatures (Roman and medieval abbreviations...
and in gebang manuscripts originating from West Java. It is interesting to note that the Arjunawiwaha and Kunjarakarna texts are contained in several manuscripts...
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