Andesite, Basalt, Basanite, Dacite, Ignimbrite, Rhyolite, Trachyandesite and Trachyte
The Tibesti Mountains are a mountain range in the central Sahara, primarily located in the extreme north of Chad, with a small portion located in southern Libya. The highest peak in the range, Emi Koussi, lies to the south at a height of 3,415 meters (11,204 ft) and is the highest point in both Chad and the Sahara. Bikku Bitti, the highest peak in Libya, is located in the north of the range. The central third of the Tibesti is of volcanic origin and consists of five volcanoes topped by large depressions: Emi Koussi, Tarso Toon, Tarso Voon, Tarso Yega and Toussidé. Major lava flows have formed vast plateaus that overlie Paleozoic sandstone. The volcanic activity was the result of a continental hotspot that arose during the Oligocene and continued in some places until the Holocene, creating fumaroles, hot springs, mud pools and deposits of natron and sulfur. Erosion has shaped volcanic spires and carved an extensive network of canyons through which run rivers subject to highly irregular flows that are rapidly lost to the desert sands.
Tibesti, which means "place where the mountain people live", is the domain of the Toubou people. The Toubou live mainly along the wadis, on rare oases where palm trees and limited grains grow. They harness the water that collects in gueltas, the supply of which is highly variable from year-to-year and decade-to-decade. The plateaus are used to graze livestock in the winter and harvest grain in the summer. Temperatures are high, although the altitude ensures that the range is cooler than the surrounding desert. The Toubou, who were settled in the range by the 5th century BC, adapted to these conditions and turned the range into a large natural fortress. They arrived in several waves, taking refuge in times of conflict and dispersing in times of prosperity, although not without intense internal hostility at times.
The Toubou came into contact with the Carthaginians, Berbers, Tuaregs, Ottomans and the Arabs, as well as the French colonists who first entered the range in 1914 and took control of the area in 1929. The independent spirit of the Toubou and the geopolitics of the region has complicated the exploration of the range as well as the ascent of its peaks. Tensions continued after Chad and Libya gained independence in the mid-20th century, with hostage-taking and armed struggles occurring amid disputes over the allocation of natural resources. The geopolitical situation and the lack of infrastructure has hampered the development of tourism.
The Saharomontane flora and fauna, which include the rhim gazelle and Barbary sheep, have adapted to the mountains, yet the climate has not always been as harsh. Greater biodiversity existed in the past, as evidenced by scenes portrayed in rock and parietal art found throughout the range, which date back several millennia, even before the arrival of the Toubou. The isolation of the Tibesti has sparked the cultural imagination in both art and literature.
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The TibestiMountains are a mountain range in the central Sahara, primarily located in the extreme north of Chad, with a small portion located in southern...
Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region was split into three, with the Tibesti Department becoming the Tibesti Region. The region is named for the TibestiMountains, one...
Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the TibestiMountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya,...
including the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the TibestiMountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert. For several...
southeast end of the TibestiMountains in the central Sahara, in the northern Borkou Region of northern Chad. The highest mountain of the Sahara, the volcano...
covering all peaks in the world with 1500 m+ prominence. Compiled by Aaron Maizlish. The latest estimate is that there are 1,516. Portals: Mountains Lists...
Acacus, Libya TibestiMountains Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania Usambara Mountains, Tanzania Alagalla Mountain Range, Sri Lanka...
incomplete list of notable mountains on Earth, sorted by elevation in metres above sea level. For a complete list of mountains over 7200 m high, with at...
highest point in Chad is Emi Koussi, a mountain that rises 3,100 m (10,171 ft) in the northern TibestiMountains. The Ennedi Plateau and the Ouaddaï highlands...
Jebel Marra and TibestiMountains between 15,000 and 14,000 years ago and the youngest stage of glaciation in the High Atlas mountains took place at the...
located just south-east of Toussidé, the westernmost volcano of the TibestiMountains. Its edge cuts into the nearby Yirrigue caldera. The caldera sits...
Peninsula, northern Russia Khibiny Massif Lovozero Massif Alluaiv Mountain Kedykverpakhk Mountain Umbozero Mine England, UK St Just District Botallack – Pendeen...
northern-central Chad, the capital of the Dazaga people. Dazaga is spoken in the TibestiMountains of Chad (606,000 speakers), in eastern Niger near N'guigmi and to...
– western and southern Iran Hyoscyamus tibesticus Maire – Chad (TibestiMountains) "Hyoscyamus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States...
Egypt Tibesti, Chad: Also known as Tibesti Massif or TibestiMountains located in central Sahara, extending from Niger and Libya. The mountains are volcanic...
the mountains of the central Sahara Desert. It is found in a restricted range in the Tassili n'Ajjer Mountains in southern Algeria, and the Tibesti Mountains...
Bette Peak, is the highest mountain in Libya at 2,266 metres (7,434 ft). It is located on the Dohone spur of the TibestiMountains in southern Libya, near...
arranged by elevation in meters from its base on the ocean floor. List of mountains by elevation Lists of volcanoes Smoot, Jeff (1999). Climbing the Cascade...
wide basin bounded to the north and east by the Ennedi Plateau and TibestiMountains, which include Emi Koussi, a dormant volcano that reaches 3,414 metres...
deserts that he ventured into, such as Kuri on his journey to the TibestiMountains in 1938. Tour guides lead visitors through tourist attractions and...
Hami Prefecture, Xinjiang: found in granite Libya: Jabal Eghei, TibestiMountains: found in granitic rocks Mongolia: Avdar Massif, Töv Province: found...
centimeters high. A large concentration of mega-yardangs occurs near the TibestiMountains in the central Sahara. There is a famous yardang at Hole in the Rock...
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