"Eurypoda" redirects here. For the beetle genus, see Prioninae.
For the fly genus, see Thyreophora cynophila.
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Thyreophorans
Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous, 200.91–66 Ma
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Skeletal mount of Gastonia burgei, BYU Museum of Paleontology
Skeletal mount of Stegosaurus stenops, Natural History Museum, London
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Dinosauria
Clade:
†Ornithischia
Clade:
†Genasauria
Clade:
†Thyreophora Nopcsa, 1915
Subgroups
†Bienosaurus
†Emausaurus
†Jakapil?[1]
†Laquintasaura?
†Lesothosaurus?
†Lusitanosaurus
†Scelidosaurus
†Scutellosaurus
†Tatisaurus
†Yuxisaurus
†Eurypoda Sereno, 1986
†Ankylosauria
†Stegosauria
Thyreophorans distribution map
Thyreophora ("shield bearers", often known simply as "armored dinosaurs") is a group of armored ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Early Jurassic until the end of the Cretaceous.
Thyreophorans are characterized by the presence of body armor lined up in longitudinal rows along the body. Primitive forms had simple, low, keeled scutes or osteoderms, whereas more derived forms developed more elaborate structures including spikes and plates. Most thyreophorans were herbivorous and had relatively small brains for their body size.
Thyreophora includes two major subgroups, Ankylosauria and Stegosauria. In both clades, the forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, particularly in stegosaurs. Thyreophora has been defined as the group consisting of all species more closely related to Ankylosaurus and Stegosaurus than to Iguanodon and Triceratops. It is the sister group of Cerapoda within Genasauria.[2]
^Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P. M.; Joyce, C. B.; Maidment, S. C. R. (2023). "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). 2205433. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433.
Thyreophora ("shield bearers", often known simply as "armored dinosaurs") is a group of armored ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Early Jurassic...
Thyreophora cynophila, commonly known as the bone skipper is a species of fly native to Europe. It was once thought to be the first fly to be driven to...
either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group Thyreophora, which also includes the stegosaurs, armored dinosaurs known for their...
pachycephalosaurs or "thick-headed" dinosaurs, the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) such as stegosaurs and ankylosaurs, and the ornithopods. There is strong...
clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria. Neornithischians are united by having a...
This list of nicknamed dinosaur fossils is a list of fossil non-avian dinosaur specimens given informal names or nicknames, in addition to their institutional...
relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). 2205433. doi:10.1080/14772019...
and macroevolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Brighton. Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P...
the ankylosaurian dinosaur formerly known as Minmi sp. (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Lower Cretaceous Allaru Mudstone of Richmond, Queensland, Australia"...
identified it as a nomen dubium, instead once again placing the specimens as Thyreophora indet. Scelidosaurus was placed in the Dinosauria by Owen in 1861. In...
Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2024). "A new stegosaurian dinosaur (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) with a remarkable dermal armour from the Middle Jurassic of North Africa"...
Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A." PLOS...
Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2024). "A new stegosaurian dinosaur (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) with a remarkable dermal armour from the Middle Jurassic of North Africa"...
"shield bearer". This is also the literal meaning of the clade name Thyreophora. The specific name, "kaniukura", means "crest stone" in Mapudungun, in...
Cladistic analyses have shown that Emausaurus was a basal member of the Thyreophora, more derived than Scutellosaurus, but less than Scelidosaurus. Scelidosaurus...
Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A." PLOS...
shorter to the rear, while the front prepubic process lengthened. Like all Thyreophora, stegosaurians were protected by bony scutes that were not part of the...
Polacanthoides is today considered a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Thyreophora. Gideon Mantell originally estimated that Hylaeosaurus was about 7.6...
and Macroevolutionary History of the Armoured Dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)(Doctoral dissertation, University of Brighton). Coombs, Jr. (1978)....
relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). 2205433. Bibcode:2023JSPal...
culmination of a trend towards longer necks seen in stegosaurians. The Thyreophora, the larger group they belong to, originally seem to have had nine neck...
is either as the base of Ornithischia or at the base of the subgroup Thyreophora. In either model, its dating to around 200 million years ago, at the...
Phylogenetic, Biogeographic and Macroevolutionary History of the Armoured Dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Brighton....
Ankylosauria and Stegosauria are now grouped together within the clade Thyreophora. This group first appeared in the Sinemurian age, and survived for 135...
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