Temporal range: Early Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, 200.91–66 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
(Possible Triassic record)
A collection of ornithischian fossil skeletons. Clockwise from upper left: Heterodontosaurus (Heterodontosauridae), Nipponosaurus (Ornithopoda), Borealopelta (Ankylosauria), Triceratops (Ceratopsia), Stegoceras (Pachycephalosauria), and Stegosaurus (Stegosauria).
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Dinosauria
Clade:
†Ornithischia Seeley, 1888[1]
Subgroups
Chilesaurus?
Pisanosaurus?
Parapredentata Norman et al., 2022[2]
Silesauridae? (paraphyletic?)
Prionodontia Owen, 1874[2] / Saphornithischia Madzia et al., 2021[3]
Eocursor?
Laquintasaura?
Lesothosaurus?
Heterodontosauridae
Genasauria Sereno, 1986[4]
Thyreophora
Neornithischia
Dubious genera
Alocodon?
Fabrosaurus?
Ferganocephale?
Gongbusaurus?
Notoceratops?
Serendipaceratops?
Taveirosaurus?
Trimucrodon?
Xiaosaurus?
Synonyms[5]
Predentata Marsh, 1894
Ornithischia (/ˌɔːrnəˈθɪski.ə/) is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds.[6] The name Ornithischia, or "bird-hipped", reflects this similarity and is derived from the Greek stem ornith- (ὀρνιθ-), meaning "bird", and ischion (ἴσχιον)[a], meaning "hip".[7] However, birds are only distantly related to this group as birds are theropod dinosaurs.[6]
Ornithischians with well known anatomical adaptations include the ceratopsians or "horn-faced" dinosaurs (e.g. Triceratops), the pachycephalosaurs or "thick-headed" dinosaurs, the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) such as stegosaurs and ankylosaurs, and the ornithopods.[6] There is strong evidence that certain groups of ornithischians lived in herds,[6][8] often segregated by age group, with juveniles forming their own flocks separate from adults.[9] Some were at least partially covered in filamentous (hair- or feather- like) pelts, and there is much debate over whether these filaments found in specimens of Tianyulong, Psittacosaurus,[10] and Kulindadromeus may have been primitive feathers.[11]
^Cite error: The named reference seeley88 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference normanea22 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference madziaea21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference sereno86 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ferigololanger07 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdFastovsky, David E.; Weishampel, David B. (2012). Dinosaurs: A Concise Natural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107276468.
^Colbert, Edwin H. (Edwin Harris); Knight, Charles Robert (1951). The dinosaur book: the ruling reptiles and their relatives. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 152.
^Qi, Zhao; Barrett, Paul M.; Eberth, David A. (2007-09-01). "Social Behaviour and Mass Mortality in the Basal Ceratopsian Dinosaur Psittacosaurus (early Cretaceous, People's Republic of China)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 50 (5): 1023–1029. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50.1023Q. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00709.x. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 128781816.
^Zhao, Q. (2013). "Juvenile-only clusters and behaviour of the Early Cretaceous dinosaur Psittacosaurus". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0128.
^Mayr, Gerald; Peters, Stefan D.; Plodowski, Gerhard; Vogel, Olaf (2002-08-01). "Bristle-like integumentary structures at the tail of the horned dinosaur Psittacosaurus". Naturwissenschaften. 89 (8): 361–365. Bibcode:2002NW.....89..361M. doi:10.1007/s00114-002-0339-6. ISSN 0028-1042. PMID 12435037. S2CID 17781405.
^Godefroit, P.; Sinitsa, S.M.; Dhouailly, D.; Bolotsky, Y.L.; Sizov, A.V.; McNamara, M.E.; Benton, M.J.; Spagna, P. (2014). "A Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur from Siberia with both feathers and scales" (PDF). Science. 345 (6195): 451–455. Bibcode:2014Sci...345..451G. doi:10.1126/science.1253351. hdl:1983/a7ae6dfb-55bf-4ca4-bd8b-a5ea5f323103. PMID 25061209. S2CID 206556907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-09. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Ornithischia (/ˌɔːrnəˈθɪski.ə/) is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of...
divisions of dinosaurs (the other being Ornithischia), classified by their hip structure. Saurischia and Ornithischia were originally called orders by Harry...
Charrière, A.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. (2024). "A new stegosaurian dinosaur (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) with a remarkable dermal armour from the Middle Jurassic...
Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 743–760...
the diversity and abundance of small-bodied ornithopods (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta". Journal of Vertebrate...
("ceratopsians" and "ornithopods") is a clade of the dinosaur clade Ornithischia, that includes pachycephalosaurs, ceratopsians and ornithopods Cerapoda...
1888 Harry Seeley divided dinosaurs into the two orders Saurischia and Ornithischia, based on their hip structure. These divisions have proved remarkably...
genera. The Pachycephalosauria was first named as a suborder of the order Ornithischia by Maryańska & Osmólska (1974). They included within it only one family...
increased by a reduction or absence of ossified tendons, that with many Ornithischia stiffen the hip region. Huayangosaurus still possessed them. In species...
Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the clade Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony...
research Tumanova, T.A.; Alifanov, V.R. (2018). "First Record of Stegosaur (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) from the Aptian-Albian of Mongolia". Paleontological Journal...
but denied that they were homologous to the ossified tendons of other Ornithischia and claimed that they resembled the pathological tendon aponeurosis of...
Alberto; Alcalá, Luis (2015). "Perinates of a new species of Iguanodon (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the lower Barremian of Galve (Teruel, Spain)". Cretaceous...
phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). 2205433...
Neornithischia ("new ornithischians") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria...
of Harry Govier Seeley's division of Dinosauria into Saurischia and Ornithischia. The term was revived in 2017 after a new cladistic analysis by Baron...
; Barrett, P. M. (2012). "Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 301–312...
"A redescription of the skull of Euoplocephalus tutus (Archosauria: Ornithischia): a foundation for comparative and systematic studies of ankylosaurian...
feather-like integument is evidence for protofeathers being basal to Ornithischia and possibly Dinosauria as a whole, rather than just to Coelurosauria...
considered the group distinct enough to warrant its own suborder within Ornithischia. The name is derived from the Greek κέρας/kéras meaning 'horn' and ὄψῐς/ópsis...
Saurischia and Ornithischia. Saurischia includes those taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with birds than with Ornithischia, while Ornithischia includes...
McDonald, A. T. (2012). "Phylogeny of basal iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): an update". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e36745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036745...
Upchurch, P. (2008). Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6(4), 367-407. Czerkas, S (1999)...
Ornithopoda is usually given the rank of Suborder, within the order Ornithischia. While ranked taxonomy has largely fallen out of favour among dinosaur...
H. (1997-11-01). "Craniofacial ontogeny in centrosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): taxonomic and behavioral implications". Zoological Journal...
"Latest Cretaceous Occurrence of Nodosaurid Ankylosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) in Western North America and the Gradual Extinction of the Dinosaurs"...
Iguanodon (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) encontradas en el Cretácico inferior de España [On the species of Iguanodon (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) found in the Lower...