Ankylosaurian dinosaur genus from Early Cretaceous Period
Hylaeosaurus
Temporal range: Valanginian ~140–136 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
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Holotype NMH R3775
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Dinosauria
Clade:
†Ornithischia
Clade:
†Thyreophora
Clade:
†Ankylosauria
Clade:
†Euankylosauria
Family:
†Nodosauridae
Genus:
†Hylaeosaurus Mantell, 1833
Species:
†H. armatus
Binomial name
†Hylaeosaurus armatus
Mantell, 1833
Synonyms
Hylosaurus Fitzinger, 1843
Polacanthoides? Nopcsa, 1928
Hylaeosaurus (/haɪˌliːoʊˈsɔːrəs/hy-LEE-o-SOR-əs; Greek: hylaios/ὑλαῖος "belonging to the forest" and sauros/σαυρος "lizard") is a herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur that lived about 136 million years ago, in the late Valanginian stage of the early Cretaceous period of England. It was found in the Grinstead Clay Formation.
Hylaeosaurus was one of the first dinosaurs to be discovered, in 1832 by Gideon Mantell. In 1842 it was one of the three dinosaurs Richard Owen based the Dinosauria on, the others being Iguanodon and Megalosaurus. Four species were named in the genus, but only the type species Hylaeosaurus armatus is today considered valid. Only limited remains have been found of Hylaeosaurus and much of its anatomy is unknown. It might have been a basal nodosaurid, although a recent cladistic analysis recovers it as a basal ankylosaurid.[1]
Hylaeosaurus was about five metres long. It was an armoured dinosaur that carried at least three long spines on its shoulder.
^Arbour, Victoria M; Zanno, Lindsay E; Gates, Terry (2016). "Ankylosaurian dinosaur palaeoenvironmental associations were influenced by extirpation, sea-level fluctuation, and geodispersal". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 449: 289–299. Bibcode:2016PPP...449..289A. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.033.
but only the type species Hylaeosaurus armatus is today considered valid. Only limited remains have been found of Hylaeosaurus and much of its anatomy is...
defined as the largest clade containing Nodosaurus textilis but not Hylaeosaurus armatus, Mymoorapelta maysi and Polcanthus foxii. The 2018 phylogenetic...
that the myriad of specimens previously assigned to Polacanthus and Hylaeosaurus may actually represent multiple taxa. Pond et al. (2023) recovered Vectipelta...
numerous scutes, spikes and vertebrae from Wight, referred by him to Hylaeosaurus. After his death, his collection was moved several times and the pieces...
suitable vegetation – both living plants and models. Curiously, it is Hylaeosaurus, from the Cretaceous of England, not Iguanodon, that most resembles the...
began in 1842 when Sir Richard Owen placed Iguanodon, Megalosaurus, and Hylaeosaurus in "a distinct tribe or suborder of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would...
1928. The type specimen is NHMUK 2584. It is a junior synonym of both Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus and was based on a chimera of skeletal elements. Timeline...
the remains that had been found so far, Iguanodon, Megalosaurus and Hylaeosaurus, shared distinctive features, and so decided to present them as a distinct...
fossil specimens, after Megalosaurus. Together with Megalosaurus and Hylaeosaurus, it was one of the three genera originally used to define Dinosauria...
the carnivorous Megalosaurus, the herbivorous Iguanodon and armoured Hylaeosaurus', specimens uncovered in southern England. With Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins...
defined as the largest clade containing Nodosaurus textilis but not Hylaeosaurus armatus, Mymoorapelta maysi, or Polacanthus foxii, and was formally named...
the creature the name Iguanodon. In 1832 he discovered and named the Hylaeosaurus genus of dinosaurs after finding a fossil in the same forest. Crawley...
later be formally named Hylaeosaurus to the Geological Society. 1833 Gideon Mantell described the new genus and species Hylaeosaurus armatus. This was the...
dinosaurs among the finds and referred them to a Scelidosaurus sp. and a Hylaeosaurus sp. These British genera represented the best known thyreophoran forms...
tooth Was originally described as a carnivorous dinosaur or possibly as Hylaeosaurus, but it is now understood to be a sauropod Ornithopsis hulkei Lectotype:...
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