See Battle of Thymbra for the fight in Lydia between the Persians and the Lydians. See Thymbra (plant) for the plant genus.
Thymbra or Thymbre (Ancient Greek: Θύμβρα or Θύμβρη) was a town in the Troad, near Troy.[1] The second of the six gates of Troy was named after it, according to John Lydgate.[2] The location is about five miles from present day Hissarlik, the site of the present archaeological excavations.[3]
The town was located on the plain by the same name (reported in modern times in the Turkish language as Thimbrek-Déré by Chateaubriand[4]) formed by the river Thymbrios (Latin: Thymbrium), today known as the Kemer River,[5] at the confluence of the Thymbrios and the Scamander.[6] According to Strabo, "The plain of Thymbra . . . and the Thymbrios River, which flows through the plain and empties into the River Skamandros at the temple of Apollon Thymbraios."[7] Also according to Strabo, the distance from Ilium, the town erected by the Romans on the old site of Troy, to the temple was about 50 stadia.[8]
Thymbra was also the location of a major temple and sanctuary of Apollo (one of his epithets is Lord of Delphi and Thymbra). The god was known there as Apollo Thymbraios, a localizing epithet. In Greek mythology, the temple is tied to the fall of Troy as the location of Achilles' murder of Troilus upon that god's altar, as well as the place where Cassandra received her prophetic powers.[9] It is also the place where Laocoön and his sons were torn to pieces by the snake. It has been hypothesized that the two deaths within the sacred precinct point to an ancient sacrificial practice.[10] Finally, there is one version, by Dictys Cretensis in which Achilles himself dies at Thymbra, ambushed by Paris, who draws him there promising Polyxena as wife in exchange for his defection to the Trojans.[11]
The valley of the Thymbrios had as one of its main features the hill of Callicolone (Καλλικολώνη). The city disappeared probably before the 4th century BCE.
^Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898)
^John Lydgate: Troy Boke (1513)
"His cyte compassed enuyrowne
Hadde gates VI. to entre into the to towne.
The firste of all…was…called Dardanydes;
…Tymbria was named the seconde;
And the thyrde called Helyas;
The fourthe gate hyghte also Cetheas;
The fyfthe Trojana; syxth Anthonydês"
^Samuel Butler, Notebooks. p. 193 (On line at [1])
^Chateaubriand, Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem Wikisource text at
^J. V. LUCE (1984), THE HOMERIC TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TROJAN PLAIN RECONSIDERED
Oxford Journal of Archaeology 3 (1), 31–43.
^Karl Otfried Müller, The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race p. 247
^Strabo, Geography 13. 1. 35
^Strabo, Geography, 13.1.35 Strabo text at the Perseus Project
^William Aylward, The Roman Aqueduct Bridge at Kemerdere near Ilion; in American Journal of Archaeology, V.102, 2 April 2002, p. 112
^Di James, Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy, and Art, p. 87
Satureja thymbra, commonly known as savory of Crete, whorled savory, pink savory, and Roman hyssop (Arabic: za'atar rumi; za'atar franji), is a perennial-green...
The Battle of Thymbra was the decisive battle in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. Cyrus, after...
See Battle of Thymbra for the fight in Lydia between the Persians and the Lydians. See Thymbra (plant) for the plant genus. Thymbra or Thymbre (Ancient...
thyme, Persian-hyssop and Spanish oregano. It is also known under the name Thymbra capitata. The plant has rising stems and narrow, fleshy, oil-gland-dotted...
However, Cyrus followed Croesus and defeated the Lydian army again at Thymbra before besieging and capturing the Lydian capital of Sardis, thus bringing...
epithet, such as zaatar farsi = Persian-hyssop (Thymbra capitata) and zaatar rumi = Roman-hyssop (Satureja thymbra). See: The Mishnah (ed. Herbert Danby), Oxford...
effective anti-cavalry weapon of the Achaemenid Persians in the Battle of Thymbra. The first recorded use of the camel as a military animal was by the Arab...
introduced into the Persian army by Cyrus the Great, at the Battle of Thymbra. The elephant was most likely introduced into the Persian army by Darius...
Meanwhile, Cyrus invites the Ionians to join him in battle. The Battles of Thymbra and Pteria are fought between Croesus of Lydia and Cyrus the Great. Cyrus...
later changed by Frank to Thymbra Farm, because he believed it was the site of Homeric Thymbra, after which the Thymbra Gate of Homeric Troy had been...
besieged Croesus in his capital, Sardis. Shortly before the final Battle of Thymbra between the two rulers, Harpagus advised Cyrus the Great to place his dromedaries...
Cappadocia and defeated the Lydians at Pteria in a battle, and again at Thymbra before besieging and capturing the Lydian capital of Sardis, thus bringing...
epithet, such as zaatar farsi = Persian-hyssop (Thymbra capitata) and zaatar rumi = Roman-hyssop (Satureja thymbra). See: The Mishnah (ed. Herbert Danby), Oxford...
Thymus glandulosus Lavandula multifida Origanum minutiflorum Satureja thymbra Carvacrol may be synthetically prepared by a number of routes. The fusion...
Qarqar !9452 853 BC Assyrian conquest of Aram 0,100,001 24,000+ Battle of Thymbra !9452 547 BC Lydian–Persian War 0,100,001 100,000 Battle of Marathon !-500000...
flavor food, but less common than summer savory Savory of Crete (Satureja thymbra), an evergreen herb native to Eurasia, rarely used in seasoning food In...
Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra. Cyrus annexed Lydia after the Siege of Sardis which ended in early 546...
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