Depiction of Croesus, Attic red-figure amphora, painted c. 500–490 BC
King of Lydia
Reign
c. 585 – c. 546 BC
Predecessor
Alyattes of Lydia
Successor
Cyrus II of Persia
Born
7th/6th century BCE Lydia Kingdom
Died
6th century BCE Sardis, Turkey
Issue
2, including Atys
Lydian
𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 (Krowisas)
Father
Alyattes of Lydia
Croesus (/ˈkriːsəs/KREE-səs; Lydian: 𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮Krowisas;[1] Phrygian: Akriaewais;[2] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC[3]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC.[4][3] According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years. Croesus was renowned for his wealth; Herodotus and Pausanias noted that his gifts were preserved at Delphi.[5] The fall of Croesus had a profound effect on the Greeks, providing a fixed point in their calendar. "By the fifth century at least", J. A. S. Evans has remarked, "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional restraints of chronology."[6]
^Kearns, J.M. (1997). "A Lydian Etymology for the Name of Croesus". In Disterheft, Dorothy; Huld, Martin E.; Greppin, John A.C.; Polomé, Edgar C. (eds.). Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel-Part One: Ancient Languages and Philology. Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man. pp. 23–28. ISBN 978-0-941-69454-4.
^Cite error: The named reference Leloux-2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abDale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
^Wallace, Robert W. (2016). "Redating Croesus: Herodotean Chronologies, and the Dates of the Earliest Coinages". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 136: 168–181. doi:10.1017/S0075426916000124. JSTOR 44157500. S2CID 164546627. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^Among them a lion of gold, which had tumbled from its perch upon a stack of ingots when the temple at Delphi burned but was preserved and displayed in the Treasury of the Corinthians, where Pausanias saw it (Pausanias 10.5.13). The temple burned in the archonship of Erxicleides, 548–47 BC.
^Evans, J. A. S. (1978). "What Happened to Croesus?". The Classical Journal. 74 (1): 34–40. JSTOR 3296933. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
Greek woman, and his other son Croesus, born from a Carian noblewoman, out of which the latter emerged successful. Croesus brought Caria under the direct...
another term used for the collection is "Croesus Treasure". Although the artifacts were closely contemporary to Croesus, whether they should be directly associated...
very inadequate cause." The specific epithet of Ornithoptera croesus, is named after Croesus, the king of Lydia from 560 to 547 BC. Male: The upperside...
information related to Axiocerses croesus. Henning, G.A. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Axiocerses croesus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species...
"Croesus and Fate" (AKA: "Croesus and Solon") is a short story by Leo Tolstoy that is a retelling of a Greek legend, classically told by Herodotus, and...
2018). "The riches of Croesus". NZ Geographic (153). Retrieved 8 July 2022. Media related to Croesus Track at Wikimedia Commons Croesus Track, Department...
silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins...
Semomesia croesus, also known as the Croesus eyemark, is a species of butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found in most of South America. Semomesia...
Oncidium croesus is a species of orchid endemic to Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oncidium croesus. Königer...
Valenzuela croesus is a species of lizard barklouse in the family Caeciliusidae. It is found in Central America and North America. "Valenzuela croesus Report"...
in the war between Croesus of the Lydian Kingdom and Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. Cyrus, after he had pursued Croesus into Lydia after the...
them will be satisfied until becoming so rich as Croesus. Scrooge says he's already richer than Croesus once was (actually the doubt about who's the richest...
suffering heavy casualties by nightfall. Croesus retreated to Sardis the following morning. While in Sardis, Croesus sent out requests for his allies to send...
was succeeded by his son Croesus. Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue...
Chrysiridia croesus, the East African sunset moth, is a moth of the family Uraniidae. As suggested by its common name, it is found in East Africa, including...
to junior synonym. Subspecies include: Anthaxia croesus atlasica Théry, 1930 Anthaxia croesuscroesus (Villers, 1789 This beetle is present in Albania...
Microcrambus croesus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1967. It is found in Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma....
Chlaenius croesus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, found in Africa. It is a member of the subgenus Epomis, the larvae of which are...
Notonomus croesus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Castelnau in 1867. "Notonomus croesus (Laporte, 1867)"...
Adoxophyes croesus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Sulawesi, an island in Indonesia. Wikispecies has information related...
Holcopogon croesus is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by the Hungarian entomologist László Anthony Gozmány in 2000. It is found in...
the Cretan architect, and his son Metagenes. The project was funded by Croesus of Lydia, and took 10 years to complete. This version of the temple was...
637–c.635 BCE; son of Ardys) Alyattes (c.635–585 BCE; son of Sadyattes) Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) Gyges died in battle c.644...
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