Type of parthenogenesis in which females are produced from unfertilized eggs
Aphid giving birth by parthenogenesis, the live young growing from unfertilized eggs
Thelytoky (from the Greek thēlys "female" and tokos "birth") is a type of parthenogenesis and is the absence of mating and subsequent production of all female diploid offspring as for example in aphids. Thelytokous parthenogenesis is rare among animals and reported in about 1,500 species, about 1 in 1000 of described animal species, according to a 1984 study.[1] It is more common in invertebrates, like arthropods, but it can occur in vertebrates, including salamanders, fish, and reptiles such as some whiptail lizards.
Thelytoky can occur by different mechanisms, each of which has a different impact on the level of homozygosity. It is found in several groups of Hymenoptera, including Apidae, Aphelinidae, Cynipidae, Formicidae, Ichneumonidae, and Tenthredinidae.[2] It can be induced in Hymenoptera by the bacteria Wolbachia and Cardinium.[3]
^White, Michael J.D. (1984). "Chromosomal Mechanisms in Animal Reproduction". Bolletino di Zoologia. 51 (1–2): 1–23. doi:10.1080/11250008409439455. ISSN 0373-4137.
^Suomalainen, Esko; Anssi Saura; Juhani Lokki (1987-08-31). Cytology and evolution in parthenogenesis. CRC Press. pp. 29–31, 51. ISBN 978-0-8493-5981-1.
^Jeong, G; R Stouthamer (2004-11-03). "Genetics of female functional virginity in the Parthenogenesis-Wolbachia infected parasitoid wasp Telenomus nawai (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)". Heredity. 94 (4): 402–407. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800617. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 15523503.
Thelytoky (from the Greek thēlys "female" and tokos "birth") is a type of parthenogenesis and is the absence of mating and subsequent production of all...
haploid, male eggs. Not all workers are capable of thelytoky – only those expressing the thelytoky phenotype, which is controlled by a recessive allele...
fertilization. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which female embryos are created (without fertilisation). The form of thelytoky in hymenopterans...
develop from the eggs of laying worker bees (with some exceptions, see thelytoky). A beehive cannot survive with only a laying worker bee. Even in a normal...
case of reproduction is thelytoky: the reproduction of female workers or queens by laying worker bees by parthenogenesis. Thelytoky occurs in the Cape bee...
which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a...
"Fertile diploid males in the ant Cataglyphis cursor: a potential cost of thelytoky?". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 67 (12): 1983–1993. doi:10...
which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a...
parthenogenesis since it was discovered to have low levels of naturally occurring thelytoky. Drosophila mercatorum male Bisby F.A.; Roskov Y.R.; Orrell T.M.; Nicolson...
no males have been observed. This form of parthenogenesis is known as thelytoky. Grubs grow up to 1 cm in length, have a slightly curved, legless body...
parthenogenesis in which females develop from unfertilized eggs is known as thelytoky; when both males and females develop from unfertilized eggs, the term...
workers of the Cape honeybee, A. m. capensis. These lay diploid eggs ("thelytoky"), escaping normal worker policing, leading to the colony's destruction;...
which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a...
(reproducing without fertilisation), many species using arrhenotoky, a few using thelytoky. In Pezothrips kellyanus females hatch from larger eggs than males, possibly...
unfertilized eggs, which are clones of their mother. All such young are females (thelytoky), so 100% of the population at these times can produce more offspring...
The production of female offspring by parthenogenesis is referred to as thelytoky (e.g., aphids) while the production of males by parthenogenesis is referred...
development of embryos occurs without fertilization by a male, a process called thelytoky. Lorryia formosa, originally found in Morocco, was first described by...
and the offspring are clonal to their mother, so they are all female (thelytoky). The embryos develop within the mothers' ovarioles, which then give birth...
yellow abdomen and opalescent wings. This species reproduces asexually via thelytoky induced by Wolbachia infection. Males are produced only rarely. They are...
known to cause negative side effects such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytoky, and feminization in the reproductive habits of these various insect species...
including self-fertilization in plants and automictic parthenogenesis (thelytoky) in hymenoptera, tends to lead to the harmful expression of deleterious...
population tolerance of environmental hazards. Parthenogenesis (also called thelytoky) is under the control of symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, which...
own ovaries and parthenogenetically produce diploid female offspring (thelytoky) – behaviors linked to a single locus on chromosome 13. The parasites...
"Differentiation in life history pattern and oviposition behavior, the thelytoky in Demotina and Hyperaxis beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in western...
which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a...
Brevipalpus species are made up mostly of female individuals that reproduce via thelytoky, producing offspring without fertilization. Male individuals occur but...
a male. In some closely related species, the females instead undergo thelytoky, producing eggs without fertilization. Trichadenotecnum is well separated...
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