Deportation of Jews during the Marseille roundup, 23 January 1943
The Holocaust in France was the persecution, deportation, and annihilation of Jews between 1940 and 1944 in occupied France, metropolitan Vichy France, and in Vichy-controlled French North Africa, during World War II. The persecution began in 1940, and culminated in deportations of Jews from France to Nazi concentration camps in Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied Poland. The deportation started in 1942 and lasted until July 1944. Of the 340,000 Jews living in metropolitan/continental France in 1940, more than 75,000 were deported to death camps, where about 72,500 were murdered.
Antisemitism was prevalent throughout Europe at the time. As in other German-occupied and aligned states, the Nazis in France relied to a considerable extent on the co-operation of local authorities to carry out what they called the Final Solution. The government of Vichy France and the French police organized and implemented the roundups of Jews.[1] Although the vast majority of the deported Jews were killed, the overall survival rate of the Jewish population in France was up to 75%, which is one of the highest survival rates in Europe.[2][3]
^Marrus, Michael Robert; Paxton, Robert O. (1995) [1st pub. Basic Books (1981)]. Vichy France and the Jews. Stanford University Press. pp. xv, 243–245. ISBN 978-0-8047-2499-9. OCLC 836801478.
^"Le Bilan de la Shoah en France [Le régime de Vichy]". bseditions.fr.
^Croes, Marnix. "The Holocaust in the Netherlands and the Rate of Jewish Survival" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
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