German military administration in occupied France during World War II information
Interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II
"Occupation of France" and "Occupied France" redirect here. For other occupations, see Military occupation of France.
Not to be confused with French occupation zone.
Military Administration in France
Militärverwaltung in Frankreich(German) Administration militaire en France(French)
1940–1944
Flag
Emblem
The zone occupée: German (red) and Italian (yellow) occupation zones of France, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace-Lorraine
Status
Territory under German military administration
Capital
Paris
Common languages
German French Occitan
Military Commander
• 1940–1942
Otto von Stülpnagel
• 1942–1944
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
Historical era
World War II
• Second Compiègne
22 June 1940
• Case Anton
11 November 1942
• Disestablished
25 August 1944
Preceded by
Succeeded by
1940: French Third Republic
1942: Vichy France
1943: Italian military administration
Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Military Administration in France (German: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; French: Administration militaire en France) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called zone occupée was established in June 1940, and renamed zone nord ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as zone libre ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed zone sud ("south zone").
Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at Compiègne after the blitzkrieg success of the Wehrmacht leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities.
The "French State" (État français) replaced the French Third Republic that had dissolved in defeat. Though nominally extending its sovereignty over the whole country, it was in practice limited in exercising its authority to the free zone. As Paris was located in the occupied zone, its government was seated in the spa town of Vichy in Auvergne, and therefore it was more commonly known as Vichy France.
While the Vichy government was nominally in charge of all of France, the military administration in the occupied zone was a de facto Nazi dictatorship. Nazi rule was extended to the free zone when it was invaded by Germany and Italy during Case Anton on 11 November 1942 in response to Operation Torch, the Allied landings in French North Africa on 8 November 1942. The Vichy government remained in existence, even though its authority was now severely reduced.
The German military administration in France ended with the Liberation of France after the Normandy and Provence landings. It formally existed from May 1940 to December 1944, though most of its territory had been liberated by the Allies by the end of summer 1944.
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