For the American indoor football team of the same name, see Texas Revolution (indoor football).
Texas Revolution
The campaigns of the Texas Revolution
Date
October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836 (6 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location
Texas
Result
Texian victory
Territorial changes
De facto Texian independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico
Belligerents
Republic of Texas
Mexican Republic
Commanders and leaders
Sam Houston (WIA)
James Fannin (POW)
William Travis †
James Bowie †
Davy Crockett †
Frank W. Johnson
Edward Burleson
Stephen F. Austin
Antonio López de Santa Anna (POW)
Vicente Filisola
Martín Perfecto de Cos (POW)
Strength
c. 2,000
c. 6,500
Casualties and losses
700 dead
100 wounded
1,000 dead
500 wounded
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Texas Revolution
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The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Hispanic Texans) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although the uprising was part of a larger one, the Mexican Federalist War, that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican government believed the United States had instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States.
The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of Anglo-American settlers in Texas. The Mexican government had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed, particularly regarding immigration from the United States. Mexico had officially abolished slavery in Texas in 1829, and the desire of Anglo Texans to maintain the institution of chattel slavery in Texas was also a major cause of secession.[1][2][3][4][5] Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives, Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835. The Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government, whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas. An ill-conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much-needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texian Army. In March 1836, a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas.
Determined to avenge Mexico's honor, Santa Anna vowed to personally retake Texas. His Army of Operations entered Texas in mid-February 1836 and found the Texians completely unprepared. Mexican General José de Urrea led a contingent of troops on the Goliad Campaign up the Texas coast, defeating all Texian troops in his path and executing most of those who surrendered. Santa Anna led a larger force to San Antonio de Béxar (or Béxar), where his troops defeated the Texian garrison in the Battle of the Alamo, killing almost all of the defenders.
A newly created Texian army under the command of Sam Houston was constantly on the move, while terrified civilians fled with the army, in a melee known as the Runaway Scrape. On March 31, Houston paused his men at Groce's Landing on the Brazos River, and for the next two weeks, the Texians received rigorous military training. Becoming complacent and underestimating the strength of his foes, Santa Anna further subdivided his troops. On April 21, Houston's army staged a surprise assault on Santa Anna and his vanguard force at the Battle of San Jacinto. The Mexican troops were quickly routed, and vengeful Texians executed many who tried to surrender. Santa Anna was taken hostage; in exchange for his life, he ordered the Mexican army to retreat south of the Rio Grande. Mexico refused to recognize the Republic of Texas, and intermittent conflicts between the two countries continued into the 1840s. The annexation of Texas as the 28th state of the United States, in 1845, led directly to the Mexican–American War.
The TexasRevolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Hispanic Texans) against the centralist...
This is a timeline of the TexasRevolution, spanning the time from the earliest independence movements of the area of Texas, over the declaration of independence...
Texas (/ˈtɛksəs/ TEK-səss, locally also /ˈtɛksɪz/ TEK-siz; Spanish: Texas or Tejas, pronounced [ˈtexas]) is the most populous state in the South Central...
Coahuila y Tejas declared its independence from Mexico during the TexasRevolution in 1835–1836, when the Centralist Republic of Mexico abolished autonomy...
State of Texas) by Stephen Austin to defend the Old Three Hundred in the Colony of Texas. Texas Military Forces sparked the TexasRevolution at the Battle...
The TexasRevolution ended on April 21, 1836, when Santa Anna was taken prisoner by Texians following the Battle of San Jacinto. Although Texas declared...
Charles C. Mexican Revolution: Genesis Under Madero. Austin: University of Texas Press 1952, p. 150. quoted in Cumberland, Mexican Revolution, p. 151. Knight...
return to Mexico, ending the TexasRevolution. Key (M) – Mexican victory (T) – Texan victory Timeline of the TexasRevolution Tampico Expedition, a group...
the later TexasRevolution. The idea of the "lone star" is, in fact, an older symbol predating the flag which was used to symbolize Texans' solidarity...
not recognized by Mexico although Texas defeated the Mexican forces in the TexasRevolution, and authorities in Texas did not actually control all of its...
but many states resisted, including Mexican Texas, which declared independence in the TexasRevolution of 1836. During the 1840s, other provinces separated...
Gonzales was the first military engagement of the TexasRevolution. It was fought near Gonzales, Texas, on October 2, 1835, between rebellious Texian settlers...
Texas Rising is a 2015 History Channel five-part television miniseries based on the TexasRevolution against Mexico and how the Texas Rangers were created...
Texas und Seine Revolution (English: "Texas and Its Revolution") is an account of the TexasRevolution written by Herman Ehrenberg and published in 1843...
and won the TexasRevolution. Although not recognized as such by Mexico, Texas declared itself an independent nation, the Republic of Texas. Attracted...
the TexasRevolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in...
The U.S. state of Texas is divided into 254 counties, more than any other U.S. state. While only about 20% of Texas counties are generally located within...
The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the TexasRevolution. It was...
smuggler and trader, and soldier who played a prominent role in the TexasRevolution. He was among the Americans who died at the Battle of the Alamo. Stories...
independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the TexasRevolution. The Texas Navy, Texas Army, and Texas Militia were officially established on September...
describe him as a murderous outlaw and prominent participant in the TexasRevolution. He appears as a violent figure in the works of the prominent Western...
at Fort Morris during the American Revolution, and also in 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales during the TexasRevolution. Sunbury, Georgia, once an active...
reduced staffing. Timeline of the TexasRevolution San Jacinto Day "Official Texas State Holidays | TSLAC". Tsl.texas.gov. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2019-07-30...
In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's state, class, ethnic or religious...