Map of the Republic of Texas. Since the Republic was not recognized by Mexico, its entire territory was disputed. The area that was controlled by the Republic is in dark green, while the territory claimed by the Republic but not effectively controlled is in light green.
Capital
San Antonio de Bexar (Mexican Texas)
San Felipe de Austin (1835, provisional)
Washington-on-the-Brazos (1836, interim)
Harrisburg (1836, interim)
Galveston (1836, interim)
Velasco (1836, interim)
Columbia (1836–1837)
Houston (1837–1839)
Austin (1839–1846)
Official languages
English and Spanish
Other languages
German, French, Portuguese, Native languages (Caddo, Comanche)
Demonym(s)
Texian
Government
Unitary presidential constitutional republic
President1
• 1836
David G. Burnet
• 1836–38
Sam Houston, 1st term
• 1838–41
Mirabeau B. Lamar
• 1841–44
Sam Houston, 2nd term
• 1844–46
Anson Jones
Vice President1
• 1836
Lorenzo de Zavala
• 1836–38
Mirabeau B. Lamar
• 1838–41
David G. Burnet
• 1841–44
Edward Burleson
• 1844–45
Kenneth L. Anderson
Legislature
Congress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Historical era
Western Expansion
• Independence from Mexico
March 2, 1836
• Annexation by the United States
December 29, 1845
• Transfer of power
February 19, 1846
Currency
Texas dollar
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Coahuila y Tejas
Texas
New Mexico Territory
Utah Territory
Public Land Strip
Nebraska Territory
Kansas Territory
Today part of
United States
∟Colorado
∟Kansas
∟Oklahoma
∟New Mexico
∟Texas
∟Wyoming
1Interim period (March 16 – October 22, 1836): President: David G. Burnet, Vice President Lorenzo de Zavala
The Burnet Flag used from December 1836 to January 1839 as the national flag until it was replaced by the Lone Star Flag, and as the war flag from January 25, 1839, to December 29, 1845[3]Naval ensign of the Texas Navy from 1836–1839 until it was replaced by the Lone Star Flag[3]The Lone Star Flag became the national flag on January 25, 1839 (more or less identical to modern state flag)[3]
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. It shared borders with Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande (another Mexican breakaway republic), and the United States of America.
Much of its territory was controlled by Mexico or Comancheria; Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence. It was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and United States territories encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico to the north and west. The Anglo residents of the area and of the republic were referred to as Texians.[4]
The Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas declared its independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1835–1836, when the Centralist Republic of Mexico abolished autonomy from states of the Mexican federal republic. Major fighting ended on April 21, 1836, but the Mexican Congress refused to recognize the independence of the Republic of Texas, as the Treaties of Velasco was signed by Mexican President General Antonio López de Santa Anna under duress as prisoner of the Texians, and the majority of the Mexican Congress did not approve the agreement. Intermittent conflicts between Mexico and Texas continued into the 1840s. The United States recognized the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the territory at that time.[5][6]
Texas was annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845,[7] and was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on that day, with the transfer of power from the Republic to the new state of Texas formally taking place on February 19, 1846.[8]
However, the United States inherited the southern and western border-disputes with Mexico, which had refused to recognize Texas's independence or to accept U.S. offers to purchase the territory. Consequently, the annexation led to the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).
^"Flags and Other Symbols | TX Almanac". www.texasalmanac.com. 2023. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^Greenfield, David (March 1, 2001). "Texas Tidbits". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ abc"Flags of Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
^"Texian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) – the term "Texian" dates from at least 1835.
^Henderson (2008), p. 121.
^
Crapol, Edward P. (2012) [2006]. "Texas". John Tyler, the Accidental President. Legal classics library (revised ed.). University of North Carolina Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0807872239. Retrieved May 18, 2022. After Van Buren was safely elected, Jackson granted formal diplomatic recognition to the Lone Star Republic. A few months later, in August 1837, the Texians officially requested annexation, but Van Buren, fearing an anti-slavery backlash and domestic turmoil, rebuffed them.
^O'Neill, R. (2011). Texas War of Independence. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 85. ISBN 978-1448813322.
^Kelly F. Himmel (1999). The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas: 1821–1859. Texas A&M University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-89096-867-3.
The RepublicofTexas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February...
president of the RepublicofTexas (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Tejas) was the head of state and head of government while Texas was an independent...
The flag ofTexas is the official flag of the U.S. state ofTexas. It is well known for its prominent single white star which gives the flag its commonly-used...
territory of the U.S. state ofTexas: Spain (1519–1685; 1690–1821), France (1685–1690), Mexico (1821–1836), the RepublicofTexas (1836–1845), the United...
expressed consent of the other states. Texas was formerly called the RepublicofTexas, a sovereign state for nine years prior to the Texas annexation with...
of the RepublicofTexas (DRT) is a lineal association dedicated to perpetuating the memory of the founding families and soldiers of the Republicof Texas...
Columbia, Texas, October 1836, first capital of the elected government of the RepublicofTexas Houston, Texas, 1837 to 1839 Austin, Texas, designated...
current Texas legislative body, see Texas Legislature. The Congress of the RepublicofTexas was the national legislature of the RepublicofTexas established...
The RepublicofTexas was annexed into the United States and admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The RepublicofTexas declared...
such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province ofTexas succeeded in breaking...
countries: France, Spain, Mexico, the RepublicofTexas, the Confederacy during the Civil War, and the United States of America. The first European settlement...
of Texas. They were established with the Texian Militia in 1823 (thirteen years before the RepublicofTexas and twenty-two years before the State of Texas)...
municipalities (municipios in Spanish), a unit of local government under Spanish and Mexican rule. When the RepublicofTexas gained its independence in 1836, the...
timeline of the RepublicofTexas, spanning the time from the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836, up to the transfer of power...
The Seal of the State ofTexas was adopted through the 1845 Texas Constitution, and was based on the seal of the RepublicofTexas, which dates from January...
government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers...
was president of the RepublicofTexas and had won Texas's independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing...
The RepublicofTexas was a North American nation from 1836 to 1846; in its short time it established diplomatic relations worldwide, mainly through the...
history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the RepublicofTexas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America. In 1819...
various times with the RepublicofTexas, the short-lived Republicof West Florida, and the Confederate States of America at the start of the American Civil...
prisoner of war, Santa Anna signed the peace treaty that dictated that the Mexican army leave the region, paving the way for the RepublicofTexas to become...
1836–1846 as the independent RepublicofTexas, the current legal status is as a state of the United States of America. Due to Texas's unique history, United...
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