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The Temple of Eshmun (Arabic: معبد أشمون) is an ancient place of worship dedicated to Eshmun, the Phoenician god of healing. It is located near the Awali river, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of Sidon in southwestern Lebanon. The site was occupied from the 7th century BC to the 8th century AD, suggesting an integrated relationship with the nearby city of Sidon. Although originally constructed by Sidonian king Eshmunazar II in the Achaemenid era (c. 529–333 BC) to celebrate the city's recovered wealth and stature, the temple complex was greatly expanded by Bodashtart, Yatonmilk and later monarchs. Because the continued expansion spanned many centuries of alternating independence and foreign hegemony, the sanctuary features a wealth of different architectural and decorative styles and influences.
The sanctuary consists of an esplanade and a grand court limited by a huge limestone terrace wall that supports a monumental podium which was once topped by Eshmun's Greco-Persian style marble temple. The sanctuary features a series of ritual ablution basins fed by canals channeling water from the Asclepius river (modern Awali) and from the sacred "YDLL" spring;[nb 1] these installations were used for therapeutic and purificatory purposes that characterize the cult of Eshmun. The sanctuary site has yielded many artifacts of value, especially those inscribed with Phoenician texts, such as the Bodashtart inscriptions and the Eshmun inscription, providing valuable insight into the site's history and that of ancient Sidon.
The Eshmun Temple was improved during the early Roman Empire with a colonnade street, but declined after earthquakes and fell into oblivion as Christianity replaced polytheism and its large limestone blocks were used to build later structures. The temple site was rediscovered in 1900 by local treasure hunters who stirred the curiosity of international scholars. Maurice Dunand, a French archaeologist, thoroughly excavated the site from 1963 until the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. After the end of the hostilities and the retreat of Israel from Southern Lebanon, the site was rehabilitated and inscribed to the World Heritage Site tentative list.
^Lebanese Ministry of Culture. "Ministère de la Culture" (in French). Archived from the original (ministerial) on November 24, 2004. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
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article correctly. The TempleofEshmun (Arabic: معبد أشمون) is an ancient place of worship dedicated to Eshmun, the Phoenician god of healing. It is located...
and in Carthage where the site ofEshmun'stemple is now occupied by the acropolium of Carthage. According to Eusebius of Caesarea, Phoenician author Sanchuniathon...
first year of Bodashtart's accession to the throne of Sidon and commemorates the building of a temple to the goddess Astarte. The TempleofEshmun podium...
were the scene of fierce combat during the fiery destruction of the city in 146 BC. The Byrsa was the reported site of the TempleofEshmun (the healing...
The Eshmun inscription is a Phoenician inscription on a fragment of grey-blue limestone found at the TempleofEshmun in 1901. It is also known as RES...
of other votive statues of children near the canal in the TempleofEshmun in 1963-64 by Maurice Dunand, and is currently in the National Museum of Beirut...
al-Amad TempleofEshmun Sidon Tyre The Thrones of Astarte are approximately a dozen ex-voto "cherubim" thrones found in ancient Phoenician temples in Lebanon...
Ancient Greek medicine Pool of Bethesda TempleofEshmun Kanellou, V (2004). "Ancient Greek medicine as the foundation of contemporary medicine". Techniques...
implications for the understanding of whether the ark of the covenant in Solomon's Temple was Yahweh's throne or simply an indicator of Yahweh's immanence. Cherubim...
Ras al-Ain, Lebanon Sarafand TempleofEshmun ""Lebanon State of the Environment Report", chapter 1" (PDF). Ministry of Environment (Lebanon). 2001. Archived...
that the Punic templeofEshmun was located on this site. Texts indicate that the Romans built the temple to the corresponding deity of their pantheon...
restoration project of the TempleofEshmun; he left more than thirty dedicatory inscriptions at the temple site. The first phase of the works involved...
Cultural heritage building in Bziza, Lebanon TempleofEshmun – Ancient temple to the Phoenician god of healing in Lebanon The classical historian Peter...
sailing ships." In Sidon, she shared a temple with Eshmun. Coins from Beirut show Poseidon, Astarte, and Eshmun worshipped together. Other significant...
inscription Cippi of Melqart Mdina Steles Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II Karatepe bilingual Kilamuwa Stela Nora Stone Pyrgi Tablets TempleofEshmun Since the bilingual...
Hassan al Rai Tell Shamsine Tell Zeitoun Tell Zenoub Temnin el-Foka TempleofEshmun Toron Tyre Hippodrome Tyre Necropolis Tyre, Lebanon Wadi Koura Wadi...
comes from Syriac Aramaic spoken by the Canaanites. “House of Chamoun” (English), "TempleofEshmun" (Syriac Aramaic), a Phoenician god. Bchamoun has 10 schools...
near Sidon. Subsequently, two series of inscriptions were found in the early 20th century at the TempleofEshmun, near Sidon in Lebanon, immediately before...
of the main routes into Ibiza), uncovered a further Punic temple in the excavated roadbed. Texts found mention Melqart among other Punic gods Eshmun,...
similar stones of the 6th Century B.C.E. in the TempleofEshmun and Pasargadae. He dates them, on the basis of Biblical texts, to the period of King Hezekiah...
patron of scribes. Thoth was associated in the same way with the Phoenician deity Eshmun. Inscriptions at the temple call the god "The Lord ofEshmun". The...
ʾšmnʿzr, lit. 'Eshmun helps') was the Phoenician king of Sidon (r. c. 539 – c. 525 BC). He was the grandson of Eshmunazar I, and a vassal king of the Persian...
by the setting sun through the temple entrance. List of Ancient Roman templesTempleofEshmun Phoenician Sanctuary of Kharayeb ^a Phoenican cities that...
Greek, Straton I) was a king of the Phoenician city-state of Sidon who reigned from 365 BC to 352 BC following the death of his father, Baalshillem II....
Key highlights of the collections include: the Ford Collection sarcophagi: marble, 4th century BC. votive statues from the TempleofEshmun: marble, Bustan...
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