For an explanation of very similar terms, see Omomyiformes.
Tarsiiformes
Temporal range: 56–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Late Paleocene to Recent
Carlito syrichta
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
Suborder:
Haplorhini
Infraorder:
Tarsiiformes Gregory, 1915[1]
Families
See text
sister: Simiiformes
Synonyms
†Omomyiformes (cladistically including the Tarsiidae[2])
Tarsiiformes/ˈtɑːrsi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a group of primates that once ranged across Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America, but whose extant species are all found in the islands of Southeast Asia. Tarsiers (family Tarsiidae) are the only living members of the infraorder; other members of Tarsiidae include the extinct Tarsius eocaenus from the Eocene,[3] and Tarsius thailandicus from the Miocene.[4] Two extinct genera, Xanthorhysis and Afrotarsius, are considered to be close relatives of the living tarsiers, and are generally classified within Tarsiiformes, with the former grouped within family Tarsiidae, and the latter listed as incertae sedis (undefined).[3] Omomyids are generally considered to be extinct relatives, or even ancestors, of the living tarsiers, and are often classified within Tarsiiformes.
Other fossil primates, including Microchoeridae, Carpolestidae,[5] and Eosimiidae,[6] have been included in this classification, although the fossil evidence is debated. Eosimiidae has also been classified under the infraorder Simiiformes (with monkeys and apes), and most experts now consider Eosimiidae to be stem[clarification needed] simians.[7][8] Likewise, Carpolestidae is often classified within the order Plesiadapiformes, a very close, extinct relative of primates.[9]
These conflicting classifications lie at the heart of the debate over early primate evolution. Even the placement of Tarsiiformes within suborder Haplorhini, as a sister group to the simians (monkeys and apes), is still debated.[3][10]
^Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Primates". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 111–184. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^Morse, Paul E.; Chester, Stephen G. B.; Boyer, Doug M.; Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Gigase, Paul; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2019-03-01). "New fossils, systematics, and biogeography of the oldest known crown primate Teilhardina from the earliest Eocene of Asia, Europe, and North America". Journal of Human Evolution. 128: 103–131. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.005. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 30497682. S2CID 54167483.
^ abcGunnell, G.; Rose, K. (2002). "Tarsiiformes: Evolutionary History and Adaptation". In Hartwig, W.C. (ed.). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. Bibcode:2002prfr.book.....H. ISBN 978-0-521-66315-1.
^Nowak, R.M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 94–97. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
^McKenna, M.C., and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 337–340 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
^Simons, E.L. (2003). "The Fossil Record of Tarsier Evolution". In Wright, P.C.; Simons, E.L.; Gursky, S. (eds.). Tarsiers: past, present, and future. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3236-3.
^Beard, C. (2002). "Basal Anthropoids". In Hartwig, W.C. (ed.). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. Bibcode:2002prfr.book.....H. ISBN 978-0-521-66315-1.
^Williams, Blythe A; Kay, Richard F; Kirk, E Christopher (January 2010). Walker, Alan (ed.). "New perspectives on anthropoid origins". PNAS. 107 (11): 4797–4804. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.4797W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0908320107. PMC 2841917. PMID 20212104.
^Fleagle, J. G. 2013. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. San Diego, Academic Press.
^Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-12-372576-9.
Tarsiiformes /ˈtɑːrsi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a group of primates that once ranged across Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America, but whose extant species...
and members of this infraorder are called tarsiiformes, with members of the family named tarsiers. Tarsiiformes is one of the six major groups in the order...
Eocene, 56 mya. The same molecular analysis suggests the infraorder Tarsiiformes, whose only remaining family is that of the tarsier (Tarsiidae), branched...
(apes—including humans). The simians are sister group to the tarsiers (Tarsiiformes), together forming the haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million...
Tarsiidae, which is, itself, the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes. Although the group was, prehistorically, more globally widespread, all...
Infraorder †Omomyiformes: extinct "tarsier-like" primates Infraorder Tarsiiformes: tarsiers Infraorder Simiiformes: New World monkeys, Old World monkeys...
capuchin, squirrel, and saki monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins; and Tarsiiformes, containing the tarsier family Tarsiidae. Strepsirrhini is split between...
This is a list of fossil primates—extinct primates for which a fossil record exists. Primates are generally thought to have evolved from a small, unspecialized...
members of the group including living tarsiers and anthropoids]. stem tarsiiformes [i.e., basal offshoots of the tarsier lineage]. stem primates more closely...
125: 139–238. Szalay, F. S. (1976). "Systematics of the Omomyidae (Tarsiiformes, Primates): Taxonomy, phylogeny, and adaptations". Bulletin of the American...
short time afterward from an evolutionary perspective, the infraorder Tarsiiformes, whose only remaining family is that of the tarsier (Tarsiidae), branched...
21st century taxonomy. For example, the lack of an obvious rhinarium in Tarsiiformes has been interpreted by some scholars as the consequence of the enormous...
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