Tarsiers are prosimian primates, but more closely related to monkeys and apes (simians) than to other prosimians.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
(unranked):
Prosimii Illiger, 1811[a]
Groups included
Strepsirrhini[b]
Tarsiiformes
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa
Simiiformes
Prosimians are a group of primates that includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorisoids, and adapiforms),[5] as well as the haplorhine tarsiers and their extinct relatives, the omomyiforms, i.e. all primates excluding the simians. They are considered to have characteristics that are more "primitive" (ancestral or plesiomorphic) than those of simians (monkeys, apes, and humans).[5]
Simians emerged within the Prosimians as sister group of the haplorhine tarsiers, and therefore cladistically belong to this group. Simians are thus distinctly closer related to tarsiers than lemurs are. Strepsirrhines bifurcated some 20 million years earlier than the tarsier - simian bifurcation. However, simians are traditionally excluded, rendering prosimians paraphyletic. Consequently, the term "prosimian" is no longer widely used in a taxonomic sense, but is still used to illustrate the behavioral ecology of tarsiers relative to the other primates.
Prosimians are the only primates native to Madagascar, but are also found throughout Africa and in Asia.
^Rose 2006, p. 166.
^Szalay & Delson 1980, p. 149.
^Cartmill 2010, p. 15.
^Hartwig 2011, pp. 20–21.
^ abWhitten, P. L.; Brockman, D. K. (2001). "Chapter 14: Strepsirrhine reproductive ecology". In Ellison, P. T (ed.). Reproductive Ecology and Human Evolution. Transaction Publishers. pp. 321–350. ISBN 978-0-202-30658-2.
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Prosimians are a group of primates that includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorisoids, and adapiforms), as well as the haplorhine tarsiers...
diagram, the strepsirrhine/prosimian clade, is basal to the hominoids/ape clade. In this example, both Haplorrhine as prosimians should be considered as...
living primates have lost at least the first premolar. "Hence most of the prosimians and platyrrhines have three premolars. Some genera have also lost more...
leading to humans. Commonly used names for groups of primates such as prosimians, monkeys, lesser apes, and great apes reflect this methodology. According...
would be quite unlikely. Despite this preferred taxonomic division, "prosimian" is still regularly found in textbooks and the academic literature because...
subregions for different complex movements in posterior parietal cortex of prosimian galagos". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...
Dixson (26 January 2012). Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954464-6...
a small brain-to-body mass ratio. Additional traits shared with other prosimian primates (strepsirrhine primates and tarsiers) include a bicornuate (two-horned)...
biology, behavior, and health of primates. Mouse lemurs are categorized as prosimian primates. They are among the smallest and most rapidly developing primates...
(1979). "Phylogenetic aspects of prosimian behavior". In Doyle, G.A.; Martin, R.D (eds.). The Study of Prosimian Behavior. New York, New York: Academic...
Dixson, A. F. (2012). Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-150342-9. Goodall...
highlighted by Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark), and classified as a "primitive prosimian", however they were soon split from the primates and moved into their...
traits and attributes like those of lemurs of Madagascar, which are prosimians, due to convergent evolution. Reduplication New Species of Cuscus. N.p...
Strepsirrhini contain most prosimians; modern examples include lemurs and lorises. The haplorrhines include the two living groups: prosimian tarsiers, and simian...
In 1966, a prosimian colony of approximately 90 individuals, belonging to John Buettner-Janusch, was relocated from the Center for Prosimian Biology at...
rescued from laboratories were added (one of which was the mutated ape Prosimian), but Magneto rejected them upon his return seeing them as lower species...
as a mole in the X-Men, but defected to the X-Men. Currently deceased. Prosimian - A mutant ape. Orb-Weaver - A mutant spider. Sumatran - A mutant rhinoceros...
species of lorisid. Order Primates Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians Infraorder Lemuriformes Superfamily Lemuroidea Superfamily Lorisoidea...
behavior: Post-copulatory genital grooming often occurs in male rats and prosimian primates. This behavior may prevent disease transmission. Ring-tailed...
the subgroups defined for extent SIVs, two endogenous SIVs are found in prosimian lemurs. These paleo-SIVs form a basal branch relative to extant SIVs....
primates, showing a monophyly (the simians, in yellow), a paraphyly (the prosimians, in blue, including the red patch), and a polyphyly (the night-active...
Prosimian Species Origin Notes Maurice Aye-aye Madagascar King Julien's advisor. Momo Lemur Avatar: The Last Airbender A winged lemur. Murphy Galago Daisougen...
Dixson, Alan F. (2012). Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954464-6...
(which cannot make vitamin C) and its sister suborder of non-tarsier prosimians, the Strepsirrhini ("wet-nosed" primates), which retained the ability...
monophyletic taxon: the simians (in yellow); a paraphyletic taxon: the prosimians (in cyan, including the red patch); and a polyphyletic group: the night-active...
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