Physical development scale of children, adolescents, and adults
Tanner scale
Synonyms
Tanner stages
Purpose
Defines physical measurements of development
The Tanner scale (also known as the Tanner stages or sexual maturity rating (SMR)) is a scale of physical development as children transition into adolescence and then adulthood. The scale defines physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitals, testicular volume, and growth of pubic hair. This scale was first quantified in 1969 by James Tanner, a British pediatrician, after a two-decade-long study following the physical changes in girls undergoing puberty.[1][2][3][4]
Tanner scale
Illustration for males
Illustration for females
Due to natural variation, individuals pass through the Tanner stages at different rates, depending in particular on the timing of puberty. Among researchers who study puberty, the Tanner scale is commonly considered the "gold standard" for assessing pubertal status when it is conducted by a trained medical examiner.[5] In HIV treatment, the Tanner scale is used to determine which regimen to follow for pediatric or adolescent patients on antiretroviral therapy (adult, adolescent, or pediatric guidelines).[6] The Tanner scale has also been used in forensics to determine aging, but its usage has decreased due to lack of reliability.[7]
^Tanner's stages at Who Named It?
^Marshall WA, Tanner JM (February 1970). "Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys". Arch. Dis. Child. 45 (239): 13–23. doi:10.1136/adc.45.239.13. PMC 2020414. PMID 5440182.
^Marshall WA, Tanner JM (June 1969). "Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls". Arch. Dis. Child. 44 (235): 291–303. doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291. PMC 2020314. PMID 5785179.
^Dorn LD, Biro FM (February 2011). "Puberty and Its Measurement: A Decade in Review". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 21 (1): 180–195. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00722.x.
^"Adolescents and Young Adults with HIV Considerations for Antiretroviral Use in Special Patient Populations Adult and Adolescent ARV". AIDSinfo. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
^Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine. Payne-James, Jason,, Byard, Roger W. (Second ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2015-09-29. ISBN 9780128000557. OCLC 924663619.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
The Tannerscale (also known as the Tanner stages or sexual maturity rating (SMR)) is a scale of physical development as children transition into adolescence...
Look up tanner or Tanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Tanner may refer to: Tanner (occupation), the tanning of leather and hides Tanner (given name)...
including breast development, are assessed using the TannerScale (Sexual Maturity Rating Scale) where stage 1 is before, stage 2 is the breast budding...
sex characteristics. The stages of puberty can be described with the Tannerscale, also known as the Sexual Maturity Rating, which incorporates measurements...
other visible features, particularly as measured by the stages of the Tannerscale. Romantic and/or sexual attraction to minors Pedohebephilia refers to...
children, Tanner charted and photographed the growth of the children in the study over a period of several years, developing the TannerScale, which measures...
characteristics (breasts, pubic hair, etc.) are illustrated in the five-stage Tannerscale. During thelarche, the developing breasts are sometimes of unequal size...
located and stimulated in androgen sensitive areas develop pubic hair. The Tannerscale describes and quantifies the development of pubic hair. Before the onset...
children who are in early adolescence, typically ages 11–14 and showing Tanner stages 2 to 3 of physical development. It differs from pedophilia (the primary...
Illustration of the Tannerscale for females, which is a scale for tracking physical changes that occur during puberty. Progression of pubic hair growth...
trauma to the nipple and areolae by latching-on. Rated according to the Tannerscale of female physical development, the areolae enlarge during stage 3, but...
breasts. Tanner staging can be used to assess the developmental state of the breasts during puberty, from childhood (Tanner stage 1) to adulthood (Tanner stage...
testicle measures up to 5 cm × 2 cm × 3 cm (2 in × 3⁄4 in × 1+1⁄4 in). The Tannerscale, which is used to assess the maturity of the male genitalia, assigns...
puberty is completed (penile and testicular development should reach Tannerscale Stage V). Surgical approaches to the treatment of gynecomastia include...
measurements of thelarche (initiation of breast tissue development) using the Tannerscale rather than self-reported menarche (first menstruation) and MRI brain...
5–2 cm in width. The size of the testicles is among the parameters of the Tannerscale for male genitals, from stage I which represents a volume of less than...
pubertal maturation. The Tannerscale remains the gold standard for determining pubarche. In clinical settings, this scale is primarily used by physicians...
This is a list of works by painter Henry Ossawa Tanner. He used a variety of techniques and his works included paintings with elements of genre, American...
of Ryerson University, James Mourilyan Tanner, British paediatric endocrinologist known for the Tannerscale. In business, graduates include Neil Woodford...
[citation needed] Comparing height to standard growth charts. Determining the Tanner stage of sexual development. (Males with KS/CHH are normally at stage I...
no increased growth rate. Furthermore, slowed progression through the Tannerscale or lack of menarche within 3 years of breast development may also be...
tempo. Instead we are used to work with substitutes like the 5-step Tannerscale for staging puberty, and age equivalents for describing bone..." is an...
breast development is known as "breast budding" and is measured on the Tannerscale. Some believe that girls who are developing breasts may be self-conscious...
children who have reached stages 2 or 3 of pubertal development on the TannerScale – this may occur as early as 10 years old; Stage 2 treatment involves...
Service records show that both of the Tanner tornadoes were rated F5. However, the rating of the second Tanner tornado is still disputed by some scientists;...
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