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Superfluidity is a phenomenon where a fluid, or a fraction of a fluid, loses all its viscosity and can flow without resistance. A superfluid film is the thin film it may then form as a result.
Superfluid helium, for example, forms a 30-nanometre film on the surface of any container. The film's properties cause the helium to climb the walls of the container and, if this is not closed, flow out.
Superfluidity, like superconductivity, is a macroscopic manifestation of quantum mechanics. There is considerable interest, both theoretical and practical, in these quantum phase transitions. There has been a tremendous amount of work done in the field of phase transitions and critical phenomena in two dimensions.[1] Much of the interest in this field is because as the number of dimensions increases, the number of exactly solvable models diminishes drastically.[dubious – discuss] In three or more dimensions one must resort to a mean field theory approach. [dubious – discuss] The theory of superfluid transitions in two dimensions is known as the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) theory. The 2D XY model - where the order parameter is characterized by an amplitude and a phase - is the universality class for this transition.
^David Thouless: Condensed Matter Physics in Less Than Three dimensions. Ch. 7. The New Physics, Paul Davies, ed. Cambridge.
Superfluidity is a phenomenon where a fluid, or a fraction of a fluid, loses all its viscosity and can flow without resistance. A superfluidfilm is the...
Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a...
exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium...
condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4, it has been conjectured since the...
in a random graph Continuum percolation theory Superfluidfilm – Thin layer of liquid in a superfluid state Superradiant phase transition – Process in...
capillaries of 10 to 100 nm or greater. Rollin films are involved in the fountain effect where superfluid helium leaks out of a container in a fountain-like...
temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid helium may show superfluidity. At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid...
model n-vector model Kosterlitz–Thouless transition Topological defect Superfluidfilm Sigma model Sine-Gordon model Stanley, H.E. (1968). "Dependence of...
conductivity so that no temperature gradient can form in a superfluid. Placing a superfluid in a spinning container will result in quantized vortices....
which superfluid helium leaks easily but through which non-superfluid helium cannot pass. If the interior of the container is heated, the superfluid helium...
real-time locating systems Superfluid creep, the tendency for a superfluid to "crawl" up the walls of its container; see Superfluidity Creep, a creepy person...
attain a high quality factor in resonant cavities Superfluidfilm – Thin layer of liquid in a superfluid state Timeline of low-temperature technology Zimmer...
superconducting tunnel junctions, quasiparticle trapping, rotons in superfluids, magnetic bolometers, and other principles. Originally, astronomy pushed...
excitation and theoretically interpreted superfluid's chiral anomaly as observation of Fermi points is in Helium-3 A superfluid phase.[non-primary source needed]...
prevalent. The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity; other examples include the quantum Hall effect...
with the superfluid gyroscope and torsional oscillator have led to major discoveries and clarifications of superfluid helium in bulk form, in films and in...
experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in...
mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as his work in particle physics...
pressure below helium's superfluid lambda point to take advantage of the superfluid's thermal properties. Because superfluid has very high thermal conductivity...
Josephson effect has also been observed in superfluid helium quantum interference devices (SHeQUIDs), the superfluid helium analog of a dc-SQUID. The Josephson...
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