Liquid helium in a transparent bowl, cooled below the Lambda point, where it exhibits properties of superfluidity
Properties
Chemical formula
He
Molar mass
4.002602 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid helium may show superfluidity.
At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of −269 °C (−452.20 °F; 4.15 K). Its boiling point and critical point depend on which isotope of helium is present: the common isotope helium-4 or the rare isotope helium-3. These are the only two stable isotopes of helium. See the table below for the values of these physical quantities. The density of liquid helium-4 at its boiling point and a pressure of one atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals) is about 125 g/L (0.125 g/ml), or about one-eighth the density of liquid water.[1]
^"The Observed Properties of Liquid Helium at the Saturated Vapor Pressure". University of Oregon. 2004.
Liquidhelium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquidhelium may show superfluidity. At standard...
reserves of helium were found in natural gas fields in parts of the United States, by far the largest supplier of the gas today. Liquidhelium is used in...
25 °C), making the LHC the largest cryogenic facility in the world at liquidhelium temperature. LHC uses 470 tonnes of Nb–Ti superconductor. During LHC...
40 times more refrigerating capacity than liquidhelium and over three times more than liquid hydrogen. Helium is used as a component of breathing gases...
Celsius. Liquefied gases, such as liquid nitrogen and liquidhelium, are used in many cryogenic applications. Liquid nitrogen is the most commonly used...
the temperature to the boiling point of helium (−269 °C, 4.2 K). By reducing the pressure of the liquidhelium he achieved a temperature near 1.5 K. These...
refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquidhelium. Hence it is usually assembled into a vessel, similar in construction...
Helium is the smallest and the lightest noble gas and one of the most unreactive elements, so it was commonly considered that helium compounds cannot exist...
temperature across an interface was first proposed from studies of liquidhelium in 1936. While this idea was first proposed in 1936, it wasn't until...
observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist...
obtained through the fractional distillation of liquid air, making it significantly more expensive than helium due to air being its sole source. Neon was discovered...
microscopic theories. In liquidhelium-4, the superfluidity occurs at far higher temperatures than it does in helium-3. Each atom of helium-4 is a boson particle...
Helium storage and conservation is a process of maintaining supplies of helium and preventing wasteful loss. Helium is commercially produced as a byproduct...
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superconductivity to maintain a low temperature around the primary liquidhelium cooling system of high-field superconducting magnets used in e.g. nuclear...
space created around a free electron in a cryogenic gas or liquid, such as neon or helium. They are typically very small, about 2 nm in diameter at atmospheric...
interesting properties when helium is cooled below its critical temperature of 5.2 K to form a liquid. Even at absolute zero (0K), helium does not condense to...
superconducting magnets, are reached using liquidhelium. Liquid hydrogen at -250 to -265 °C can also be used as a coolant. Liquid hydrogen is also used both as a...
deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquidhelium, and finally, a gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a pale yellow...
as it eliminates dependence upon increasingly scarce and expensive liquidhelium. For hydrogen cryomagnetic applications specialist hydrogen-cooled electromagnets...
quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquidhelium, as well as his work in particle physics for which he proposed the parton...
purposes in their liquid state: Liquid oxygen Liquid nitrogen LiquidheliumLiquid hydrogen Supercritical carbon dioxide "How to Make Liquid CO2". Sciencing...
However, the van der Waals force exists between helium atoms as shown by the existence of liquidhelium, and at a certain range of distances between atoms...
gases with Bose–Einstein condensates, or unconventional liquids such as helium-4 or helium-3 at sufficiently low temperature. For more than 50 years...
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