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The classical XY model (sometimes also called classical rotor (rotator) model or O(2) model) is a lattice model of statistical mechanics. In general, the XY model can be seen as a specialization of Stanley's n-vector model[1] for n = 2.
^Stanley, H.E. (1968). "Dependence of Critical Properties on Dimensionality of Spins". Physical Review Letters. 20 (12): 589–592. Bibcode:1968PhRvL..20..589S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.589.
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