This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Supercritical water oxidation" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Supercritical Water (Red Area)
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a process that occurs in water at temperatures and pressures above a mixture's thermodynamic critical point. Under these conditions water becomes a fluid with unique properties that can be used to advantage in the destruction of recalcitrant and hazardous wastes such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Supercritical water has a density between that of water vapor and liquid at standard conditions, and exhibits high gas-like diffusion rates along with high liquid-like collision rates. In addition, the behavior of water as a solvent is altered (in comparison to that of subcritical liquid water) - it behaves much less like a polar solvent. As a result, the solubility behavior is "reversed" so that oxygen, and organics such as chlorinated hydrocarbons become soluble in the water, allowing single-phase reaction of aqueous waste with a dissolved oxidizer. The reversed solubility also causes salts to precipitate out of solution, meaning they can be treated using conventional methods for solid-waste residuals. Efficient oxidation reactions occur at low temperature (400-650 °C) with reduced NOx production.
SCWO can be classified as green chemistry or as a clean technology. The elevated pressures and temperatures required for SCWO are routinely encountered in industrial applications such as petroleum refining and chemical synthesis.
A unique addition (mostly of academic interest) to the world of supercritical water (SCW) oxidation is generating high-pressure flames inside the SCW medium. The pioneer works on high-pressure supercritical water flames were carried out by professor EU Franck at the German University of Karlsruhe in the late 80s. The works were mainly aimed at anticipating conditions which would cause spontaneous generation of non-desirable flames in the flameless SCW oxidation process. These flames would cause instabilities to the system and its components. ETH Zurich pursued the investigation of hydrothermal flames in continuously operated reactors. The rising needs for waste treatment and destruction methods motivated a Japanese Group in the Ebara Corporation to explore SCW flames as an environmental tool. Research on hydrothermal flames has also begun at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
The supercritical fluids reactor (SFR) at Sandia National Laboratories' Combustion Research Facility (CRF), 1995.High-pressure, high-temperature optical cell.
and 23 Related for: Supercritical water oxidation information
Supercriticalwateroxidation (SCWO) is a process that occurs in water at temperatures and pressures above a mixture's thermodynamic critical point. Under...
given material Supercritical drying, a process used to remove liquid in a precisely controlled way, similar to freeze drying Supercritical fluid, a substance...
Activated sludge model Activated sludge systems Adsorption/Bio-oxidation process Advanced oxidation process Aerated lagoon Aerobic granular reactor Aerobic granular...
using various technological approaches, including combustion, supercriticalwateroxidation and pyrolysis. In the term, omni refers to the ability of an...
The supercriticalwater reactor (SCWR) is a concept Generation IV reactor, designed as a light water reactor (LWR) that operates at supercritical pressure...
example of naturally occurring supercriticalwater is in the hottest parts of deep water hydrothermal vents, in which water is heated to the critical temperature...
the herbal supplement industry. Supercritical carbon dioxide can be used as a solvent in dry cleaning. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the extraction...
be utilized in their place. Supercriticalwater electrolysis (SWE) uses water in a supercritical state. Supercriticalwater requires less energy, therefore...
Diels-Alder reactions by water has been observed. Supercriticalwater has recently been a topic of research. Oxygen-saturated supercriticalwater combusts organic...
supercritical or wet oxidation. Superheated water, along with supercriticalwater, has been used to oxidise hazardous material in the wet oxidation process...
Wet oxidation is a form of hydrothermal treatment. It is the oxidation of dissolved or suspended components in water using oxygen as the oxidizer. It is...
temperature catalytic/combustion oxidation (HTCO), supercriticalwateroxidation (SCWO), and two-stage advanced oxidation (TSAO). In a combustion analyser...
Some further examples of applied green chemistry are supercriticalwateroxidation, on water reactions, and dry media reactions.[citation needed] Bioengineering...
specifically the CANDU supercriticalwater reactor. Concentrating solar power can achieve the high temperatures necessary to split water. Hydrosol-2 is a 100-kilowatt...
Nitrous oxide has similar physical behavior to carbon dioxide, but is a powerful oxidizer in its supercritical state. Supercriticalwater is inconvenient...
gas in air guns and oil recovery, and as a supercritical fluid solvent in decaffeination and supercritical drying. It is a byproduct of fermentation of...
solid network. This is typically accomplished through supercritical fluid extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) or freeze-drying.This section...
molten salt reactor (MSR), the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the supercritical-water-cooled reactor (SCWR) and the very high-temperature reactor (VHTR)...
treated using a technology known as neutralization followed by supercriticalwateroxidation. This is a different method than the incineration that is used...
30% supercritical fluid which Diana Valencia of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed could be in the form of salty supercriticalwater, though...
Global Information
