Dysprosium information

Dysprosium, ₆₆Dy
Dysprosium
Pronunciation	/dɪsˈproʊziəm/ (dis-PROH-zee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Dy)
	162.500±0.001; 162.50±0.01 (abridged);
Dysprosium in the periodic table
	terbium ← dysprosium → holmium
Atomic number (Z)	66
Group	f-block groups (no number)
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f10 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1680 K (1407 °C, 2565 °F)
Boiling point	2840 K (2562 °C, 4653 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	8.550 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.37 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.06 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	280 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.7 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies	1st: 573.0 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1130 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2200 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 178 pm
Covalent radius	192±7 pm
	Spectral lines of dysprosium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 359.16 pm; c = 565.01 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	poly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	10.7 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 926 nΩ⋅m (r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic at 300 K
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+103500×10−6 cm3/mol (293.2 K)
Young's modulus	61.4 GPa
Shear modulus	24.7 GPa
Bulk modulus	40.5 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2710 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.247
Vickers hardness	410–550 MPa
Brinell hardness	500–1050 MPa
CAS Number	7429-91-6
History
Discovery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
First isolation	Georges Urbain (1905)
Isotopes of dysprosium v; e;
	Category: Dysprosium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Dysprosium is a chemical element; it has symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare-earth element in the lanthanide series with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven isotopes, the most abundant of which is ¹⁶⁴Dy.

Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but it was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion-exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium has relatively few applications where it cannot be replaced by other chemical elements. It is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility (χ_v ≈ 5.44×10⁻³) in data-storage applications, and as a component of Terfenol-D (a magnetostrictive material). Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium". CIAAW. 2001.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^a ^b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6. ISSN 2045-2322.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium". CIAAW. 2001.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[Cloke1993-4] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-6] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[7] Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6. ISSN 2045-2322.

Dysprosium information

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Stable nuclide

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Periodic table

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