I/III/IV Supercomplex. Complex I in yellow, Complex III in green, and Complex IV in purple. A, B, and E are side views of the complexes as they are oriented upright in the membrane. Horizontal lines on E indicate the position of the membrane. D is a view from the intermembrane space. C and F are viewed from inside the matrix.
Modern biological research has revealed strong evidence that the enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assemble into larger, supramolecular structures called supercomplexes, instead of the traditional fluid model of discrete enzymes dispersed in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These supercomplexes are functionally active and necessary for forming stable respiratory complexes.[1]
One supercomplex of complex I, III, and IV make up a unit known as a respirasome. Respirasomes have been found in a variety of species and tissues, including rat brain,[2] liver,[2] kidney,[2] skeletal muscle,[2][3] heart,[2] bovine heart,[4] human skin fibroblasts,[5] fungi,[6] plants,[7][8] and C. elegans.[9]
^Vartak, Rasika; Porras, Christina Ann-Marie; Bai, Yidong (2013). "Respiratory supercomplexes: structure, function and assembly". Protein & Cell. 4 (8): 582–590. doi:10.1007/s13238-013-3032-y. ISSN 1674-800X. PMC 4708086. PMID 23828195.
^ abcdeReifschneider, Nicole H.; Goto, Sataro; Nakamoto, Hideko; Takahashi, Ryoya; Sugawa, Michiru; Dencher, Norbert A.; Krause, Frank (2006). "Defining the Mitochondrial Proteomes from Five Rat Organs in a Physiologically Significant Context Using 2D Blue-Native/SDS-PAGE". Journal of Proteome Research. 5 (5): 1117–1132. doi:10.1021/pr0504440. ISSN 1535-3893. PMID 16674101.
^Lombardi, A.; Silvestri, E.; Cioffi, F.; Senese, R.; Lanni, A.; Goglia, F.; de Lange, P.; Moreno, M. (2009). "Defining the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of rat ageing skeletal muscle by the use of a cDNA array, 2D- and Blue native-PAGE approach". Journal of Proteomics. 72 (4): 708–721. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.007. ISSN 1874-3919. PMID 19268720.
^Schäfer, Eva; Dencher, Norbert A.; Vonck, Janet; Parcej, David N. (2007). "Three-Dimensional Structure of the Respiratory Chain Supercomplex I1III2IV1from Bovine Heart Mitochondria†,‡". Biochemistry. 46 (44): 12579–12585. doi:10.1021/bi700983h. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 17927210.
^Krause, F. (2006). "OXPHOS Supercomplexes: Respiration and Life-Span Control in the Aging Model Podospora anserina". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1067 (1): 106–115. Bibcode:2006NYASA1067..106K. doi:10.1196/annals.1354.013. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 16803975. S2CID 9939670.
^Sunderhaus, Stephanie; Klodmann, Jennifer; Lenz, Christof; Braun, Hans-Peter (2010). "Supramolecular structure of the OXPHOS system in highly thermogenic tissue of Arum maculatum". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48 (4): 265–272. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.010. ISSN 0981-9428. PMID 20144873.
^Suthammarak, Wichit; Somerlot, Benjamin H.; Opheim, Elyce; Sedensky, Margaret; Morgan, Philip G. (2013). "Novel interactions between mitochondrial superoxide dismutases and the electron transport chain". Aging Cell. 12 (6): 1132–1140. doi:10.1111/acel.12144. ISSN 1474-9718. PMC 3838459. PMID 23895727.
functionally active and necessary for forming stable respiratory complexes. One supercomplex of complex I, III, and IV make up a unit known as a respirasome. Respirasomes...
Gennis RB (May 2018). "Structure of the alternative complex III in a supercomplex with cytochrome oxidase". Nature. 557 (7703): 123–126. Bibcode:2018Natur...
demonstrated that an alternative to the state seems to be represented by the supercomplex chiefdoms created by some nomads of Eurasia. The number of structural...
more α-helical membrane anchors. The TOM complex, part of the TOM/TIM supercomplex, is essential for the translocase of almost all mitochondrial proteins...
included examples are characterised by highly complex, nonlinear, and supercomplex mechanisms, as it is being increasingly recognised that the result of...
et al. (March 2006). "Reconstructing an ancestral mammalian immune supercomplex from a marsupial major histocompatibility complex". PLOS Biology. 4 (3):...
ATP synthase of approximately 1:1:3:7:4. However, the debate over this supercomplex hypothesis is not completely resolved, as some data do not appear to...
D., Dobáková, E., Peña-Diaz, P. and Lukeš, J., 2016. From simple to supercomplex: mitochondrial genomes of euglenozoan protists. F1000Research, 5. doi:10...
linker, that stabilises the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes. Moreover, the supercomplex fails to form in PsbZ-deficient mutants, providing further evidence to...
"megacommunity" as a specific type of the non-state supercomplex society, integration of a supercomplex (exceeding the complex chiefdom level) society on...
Critical Business (1997). In Realizing the University in an Age of Supercomplexity (2000) and A Will to Learn: Being a Student in Age of Uncertainty (2007)...
stabilizes supercomplexes containing Complex III, most notably the III2/IV supercomplex. In the sole recorded case of a mutation in the UQCC3 gene, a patient...
Culture’s Organization. The 13th–19th Centuries Benin Kingdom as a Non-State Supercomplex Society. Moscow: URSS. Byrd Gene G., Chernin Arthur D., Valtonen Mauri...
Assembly of electron transport chain components in bovine mitochondrial supercomplex I1III2IV1. EMBO J. 30:4652-4664. Liao, M., Cao, E., Julius, D., Cheng...
Tour CBX or Tour Dexia is an office skyscraper located in Supercomplex 2 of the La Défense business district situated west of Paris, France. Built from...
completely renovated in 2008 by the School District of Philadelphia as a supercomplex for larger District-wide events. The original School of 1907 was demolished...
Nanowire Electron Transfer (G-NET) Family 5.B.4 The Plant Photosystem I Supercomplex (PSI) Family 5.B.5 The Extracellular Metal Oxido-Reductase (EMOR) Family...
2-oxoglutarate-dehydrogenase complex. DHTKD1 is part of an OGDHc-like supercomplex that is responsible for a crucial step in the degradation pathways of...
demonstrated that an alternative to the state seems to be represented by the supercomplex chiefdoms created by some nomads of Eurasia – the number of the structural...
important large complexes, including respiratory complex I, rotary ATPases, supercomplex I1III2IV1, cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, cytochrome bd oxidase, a sulfide:quinone...
A. W. D.; Barber, J. (1 July 2003). "Structure of a photosystem II supercomplex isolated from Prochloron didemni retaining its chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting...
Canaani E (2002). "ALL-1 is a histone methyltransferase that assembles a supercomplex of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation". Mol. Cell. 10 (5):...
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