Pakistani cleric and leader of the Islamist TNSM (1933–2019)
Sufi Muhammad صوفی محمد
Founder and 1st Emir of Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
In office 1992–2002
Preceded by
Position created
Succeeded by
Maulana Fazlullah
Personal
Born
1933
Maidan, Dir, British India
Died
(aged 86)[4]
Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Religion
Islam
Children
At least one daughter
Denomination
Sunni
Jurisprudence
Ḥanbalī
Creed
Atharī[1]
Movement
Salafīyyah[2] Wahhābiyyah[3]
Military career
Allegiance
Jamaat (1980s–1992) TNSM (1992–2002)
Years of service
1980s–2002
Rank
Emir (TNSM)
Battles/wars
Malakand Division Revolt US invasion of Afghanistan Waziristan War (POW)
Sufi Muhammad bin Alhazrat Hassan (Urdu: صوفی محمد بن الحضرت حسن; born 1933 – 11 July 2019) was a Pakistani Sunni Islamist cleric and militant, and the founder of Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), a militant group (declared a terrorist outfit and banned in 2002) vying for implementation of Sharia in Pakistan.[5][6][7][8]
It operated mainly in the Dir, Swat, and Malakand districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.[7]
Sufi Muhammad was jailed for sending thousands of volunteers to Afghanistan to fight the U.S. intervention in 2001.[9] However, he was freed in 2008 after he renounced violence.[10][11]
He was the father-in-law of Mullah Fazlullah, who assumed the leadership of TNSM during Sufi's imprisonment.[7][9][12]
He was described by BBC as a "follower" of Saudi Arabia's Wahhabi Salafist Islamic school of thought,[13] and by the Jamestown Foundation as one of the "active leaders" of Jamaat-e-Islami in the 1980s.[14]
^Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 48. ISBN 9781137473578.
^Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oneworld Publications (Kindle edition). p. 245.
^Armstrong, Karen (27 November 2014). "Wahhabism to ISIS: how Saudi Arabia exported the main source of global terrorism". New Statesman. London. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
^"Controversial cleric Sufi Muhammad passes away". Express Tribune. 11 July 2019.
^Lakshman, Kanchan (9 July 2003). "Deep roots to Pakistan's sectarian terror". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
^Fair, C. Christine (1 March 2007). "The educated militants of Pakistan: implications for Pakistan's domestic security" (PDF). Contemporary South Asia. 16 (1): 99–100. doi:10.1080/09584930701800446. S2CID 143810428. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
^ abc"Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Laws)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
^Jan, Delawar (17 February 2009). "Nizam-e-Adl Regulation for Malakand, Kohistan announced". The News International. Archived from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
^ abKhan, Riaz (27 October 2007). "Inside rebel Pakistan cleric's domain". USA Today. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
^"Top Pakistani militant released". BBC News. 21 April 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^Toosi, Nahal (15 February 2009). "Taliban to cease fire in Pakistan's Swat Valley". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
^"Pakistan agrees Sharia law deal". BBC News. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^"Pakistan's militant Islamic groups". BBC News. 13 January 2002. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
^Cite error: The named reference nasirsa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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Global Information
Jamaat (1980s–1992)
TNSM (1992–2002)