Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QoIs (Quinone outside Inhibitors), which act to inhibit the respiratory chain at the level of Complex III.
The first parent natural products, strobilurins A and B, were extracted from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus.[1]
Commercial strobilurin fungicides[2] were developed through optimization of photostability and activity.[3]
Strobilurins represented a major development in fungus-based fungicides. First released in 1996, there are now ten major strobilurin fungicides on the market, which account for 23-25 % of the global fungicide sales.[4]
Examples of commercialized strobilurin derivatives are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
Strobilurins are mostly contact fungicides with a long half time as they are absorbed into the cuticle and not transported any further. They have a suppressive effect on other fungi, reducing competition for nutrients; they inhibit electron transfer in mitochondria, disrupting metabolism and preventing growth of the target fungi.[5]
^Schramm, Georg; Steglich, Wolfgang; Anke, Timm; Oberwinkler, Franz (1978). "Antibiotika aus Basidiomyceten, III. Strobilurin a und B, antifungische Stoffwechselprodukte aus Strobilurus tenacellus". Chemische Berichte. 111 (8): 2779–2784. doi:10.1002/cber.19781110806.
^Peter Jeschke, Matthias Witschel, Wolfgang Krämer, Ulrich Schirmer (eds.): Modern Crop Protection Compounds, 3rd edition, Wiley-VCH, 2019, ISBN 978-3-527-34089-7.
^Sauter, Hubert; Steglich, Wolfgang; Anke, Timm (1999). "Strobilurins: Evolution of a New Class of Active Substances". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (10): 1328–1349. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990517)38:10<1328::AID-ANIE1328>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 29711574.
^
Juliet D. Tang, Tina Ciaramitaro, Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Susan V. Diehl (2017). "Activity of Two Strobilurin Fungicides Against Three Species of Decay Fungi in Agar Plate Tests". Proc. IRG Annual Meeting: IRG/WP 17-30704.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
(pdf link)
^Schaefer, Bernd (2014). "Agrochemicals: 8.2 Strobilurins". Natural Products in the Chemical Industry. pp. 688–704. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54461-3_8. ISBN 978-3-642-54460-6.
Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part...
from the basidiomycete fungus Strobilurus tenacellus. They named these strobilurin A and B but did not provide detailed structures, only data based on their...
(QoI)-type fungicide used in agriculture. Among the QoIs, it lies within the strobilurin chemical class. Pyraclostrobin is used to protect Fragaria, Rubus idaeus...
Plectasin, austrocortilutein, austrocortirubin, coprinol, oudemansin A, strobilurin, illudin, pterulone, and sparassol are under research for their potential...
other fungi locally by means of a powerful anti-fungal agent called strobilurin. Porcelain fungus is generally not considered toxic. Some sources claim...
study in chicks. Dihydrokavain bears some structural similarity to the strobilurins and has some fungicidal activity. An analogue of the molecule was also...
to spreading resistance of plant pathogens towards fungicides of the strobilurin class, control of fungi such as Septoria tritici or Gibberella zeae relies...
can inhibit the growth of strains that are resistant to phenylamides, strobilurin, dimethomorph and iprovalicarb. It has some systemic activity as it moves...
small to be of culinary interest. The fungus releases compounds called strobilurins that suppress the growth and development of other fungi. Derivatives...
more than 4 applications of strobilurin fungicides/season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of strobilurin fungicides. Another method of...
distantly spaced, and adnately attached to the stem. M. vitilis contains strobilurin B, a fungicidal compound with potential use in agriculture. First described...
families, the well-known family of strobilurins and two new families, represented by fenamidone and famoxadone. Some strobilurins are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl...
are significant fungal diseases of pistachios here which often receive strobilurin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, and tebuconazole treatments. See § Alternaria...
useful commercial products. However, their discovery, together with the strobilurins led to agricultural fungicides including azoxystrobin with the same mechanism...
different from most QoIs. (It is an oxazolidine-dione while most are strobilurins.) It is commonly used against Plasmopara viticola, Alternaria solani...
Fungicides that are at risk of losing their potency due to resistance include Strobilurins such as azoxystrobin. Cross-resistance can occur because the active ingredients...
Retrieved 2018-12-12. Managing Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to the Strobilurin Fungicides [1] Apple Scab, Plant Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University...
Use as a harvest aid in the UK increased after the introduction of strobilurin fungicides which prolong the longevity of the leaves, and by 2002, 12%...
controlling S. maydis in the Nigerian Savanna. A triazole product and a QoI strobilurin + triazole mix product tested by researchers at Purdue University did...
quickly. 1 If the use of fungicides is necessary, products containing strobilurins can be applied and can be very effective if applied before symptoms occur...
resistance to several chemical classes such as Benomyl, the DMIs, and Strobilurins has developed. While synthetic fungicides are often recommended as applications...
fungicide and Merivon fungicide, the other active ingredient being a strobilurin called pyraclostrobin. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention...
diamide family of broad spectrum insecticides. Within fungicides, the strobilurins, a new class, are growing rapidly and already have captured more than...
used before the first heavy snow. Fungicides may include benzimidazole, strobilurin, and phosphonate fungicides. However, it has been found that some pink...
B.; Cooke, A. W.; Peasley, D.; McLennan, R. (2002). "Combinations of strobilurin fungicides and acibenzolar (Bion) to reduce scab on passionfruit caused...
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