Wrapped around this cardiac balloon catheter are temperature and EKG sensors and LEDs. The wires are stretchable coils. It is manufactured with a lift-off MEMS process. The etched silicon is then stretched and attached to a polymer backing. Silicon usage is minimized over the substrate and the ensemble is quite flexible, to survive inflation and deflation of the balloon.
Stretchable electronics, also known as elastic electronics or elastic circuits, is a group of technologies for building electronic circuits by depositing or embedding electronic devices and circuits onto stretchable substrates such as silicones or polyurethanes, to make a completed circuit that can experience large strains without failure. In the simplest case, stretchable electronics can be made by using the same components used for rigid printed circuit boards, with the rigid substrate cut (typically in a serpentine pattern) to enable in-plane stretchability.[1] However, many researchers have also sought intrinsically stretchable conductors, such as liquid metals.[2]
One of the major challenges in this domain is designing the substrate and the interconnections to be stretchable, rather than flexible (see Flexible electronics) or rigid (Printed Circuit Boards). Typically, polymers are chosen as substrates or material to embed.[3]
When bending the substrate, the outermost radius of the bend will stretch (see Strain in an Euler–Bernoulli beam, subjecting the interconnects to high mechanical strain. Stretchable electronics often attempts biomimicry of human skin and flesh, in being stretchable, whilst retaining full functionality. The design space for products is opened up with stretchable electronics, including sensitive electronic skin for robotic devices [4] and in vivo implantable sponge-like electronics.
^Kim DH, Ahn JH, Choi WM, Kim HS, Kim TH, Song J, et al. (April 2008). "Stretchable and foldable silicon integrated circuits". Science. 320 (5875): 507–511. Bibcode:2008Sci...320..507K. doi:10.1126/science.1154367. PMID 18369106. S2CID 5086038.
^Yang JC, Mun J, Kwon SY, Park S, Bao Z, Park S (November 2019). "Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics". Advanced Materials. 31 (48): e1904765. Bibcode:2019AdM....3104765Y. doi:10.1002/adma.201904765. PMID 31538370.
^Cataldi P (2020). "Graphene–Polyurethane Coatings for Deformable Conductors and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding". Advanced Electronic Materials. 6 (9): 2000429. arXiv:2004.11613. doi:10.1002/aelm.202000429.
^Cataldi P, Dussoni S, Ceseracciu L, Maggiali M, Natale L, Metta G, et al. (February 2018). "Carbon Nanofiber versus Graphene-Based Stretchable Capacitive Touch Sensors for Artificial Electronic Skin". Advanced Science. 5 (2): 1700587. doi:10.1002/advs.201700587. PMC 5827098. PMID 29619306.
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