Galinstan from a broken thermometer, appearing to wet a piece of glass
Physical properties
Density (ρ)
6.44 g/cm3 (at 20°C)
Thermal properties
Melting temperature (Tm)
-19°C
Specific heat capacity (c)
296 J·kg−1·K−1
Sources[1][2][3]
Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature.[4][5] In scientific literature, galinstan is also used to denote the eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, which melts at around +11 °C (52 °F).[5] The commercial product Galinstan is not a eutectic alloy, but a near eutectic alloy.[5] Additionally, it likely has added flux to improve flowability, to reduce melting temperature, and to reduce surface tension.[5]
Eutectic galinstan is composed of 68.5%Ga, 21.5%In, and 10.0%Sn (by weight).[6]
Due to the low toxicity and low reactivity of its component metals, galinstan has replaced the toxic liquid mercury or the reactive alloy NaK in many applications[which?].
^Hodes, Marc; Zhang, Rui; Steigerwalt Lam, Lisa; Wilcoxon, Ross; Lower, Nate (2014). "On the Potential of Galinstan-Based Minichannel and Minigap Cooling". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology. 4 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2274699. ISSN 2156-3950. S2CID 30876603.
^Cite error: The named reference scitoys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference melt and boil pt. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Surmann, P; Zeyat, H (Nov 2005). "Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 383 (6): 1009–1013. doi:10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7. PMID 16228199. S2CID 22732411.
^ abcdHandschuh-Wang, Stephan; Gan, Tiansheng; Rauf, Muhammad; Yang, Weifa; Stadler, Florian J.; Zhou, Xuechang (December 2022). "The subtle difference between Galinstan and eutectic GaInSn". Materialia. 26: 101642. doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101642. S2CID 254003580.
^Liu, Jing (2018-07-14). "Ch 5 Preparations and Characterizations of Functional Liquid Metal Materials". Liquid metal biomaterials : principles and applications. Yi, Liting. Singapore. p. 96. ISBN 9789811056079. OCLC 1044746336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature. In scientific...
(−2 °F), well below the freezing point of water, is claimed for the alloy galinstan (62–95% gallium, 5–22% indium, and 0–16% tin by weight), but that may...
glass, until research at the UCLA debunked the above myth by testing Galinstan, a gallium-based alloy that is liquid at room temperature, in an oxygen-free...
consist almost entirely of liquid metal, usually a variation of the alloy galinstan, and have thermal conductivities in excess of 13 W/(m·K). These are difficult...
well-known fusible alloys are Wood's metal, Field's metal, Rose metal, Galinstan, and NaK. Melted fusible alloys can be used as coolants as they are stable...
electrode is an electrode that uses a liquid metal, such as mercury, Galinstan, and NaK.[not verified in body] They can be used in electrocapillarity...
Field's metal for fire sprinklers Non-toxic mercury replacements, such as galinstan Experimental glassy metals, with extremely high strength and corrosion...
complicated. Indium is an ingredient in the gallium–indium–tin alloy galinstan, which is liquid at room temperature and replaces mercury in some thermometers...
liquid on a hot summer day. Gallium is an important component in the alloy galinstan, along with tin. Gallium can also be found in semiconductors. Germanium...
alloy NaK. Other metal alloys that are liquid at room temperature include galinstan, which is a gallium-indium-tin alloy that melts at −19 °C (−2 °F), as...
more rarely, thermometers based on liquids other than mercury (such as galinstan, coloured alcohols and heat-sensitive liquid crystals). One company markets...
applications replaced with less toxic but considerably more expensive Galinstan alloy. Mercury and its compounds have been used in medicine, although...
largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alcohol-filled, galinstan-filled, digital, or thermistor-based instruments. It remains in use in...
Knoblauch, M; Hibberd, J. M.; Gray, J. C.; Van Bel, A. J. (1999). "A galinstan expansion femtosyringe for microinjection of eukaryotic organelles and...
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