Stomatitis nicotina is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking.[2] It is painless,[4] and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat. A more pronounced appearance can occur with reverse smoking, sometimes distinguished from stomatitis nicotina by the term reverse smoker's stomatitis. While stomatitis nicotina that is caused by heat is not a premalignant condition (i.e. it does not carry an increased risk of transformation to oral cancer), the condition that is caused by reverse smoking is premalignant.[6]
^Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^ abcdeScully C (2013). Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 287. ISBN 9780702049484.
^Cite error: The named reference Gnepp 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abVellappally, S; Fiala, Z; Smejkalová, J; Jacob, V; Somanathan, R (2007). "Smoking related systemic and oral diseases". Acta Medica. 50 (3): 161–6. doi:10.14712/18059694.2017.76. PMID 18254267.
^ abJames, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 800. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^Cite error: The named reference Werning 2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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