Cosmological model in which the universe does not expand
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In cosmology, a static universe (also referred to as stationary, infinite, static infinite or static eternal) is a cosmological model in which the universe is both spatially and temporally infinite, and space is neither expanding nor contracting. Such a universe does not have so-called spatial curvature; that is to say that it is 'flat' or Euclidean.[citation needed][further explanation needed] A static infinite universe was first proposed by English astronomer Thomas Digges (1546–1595).[1]
In contrast to this model, Albert Einstein proposed a temporally infinite but spatially finite model - static eternal universe - as his preferred cosmology during 1917, in his paper Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity.
After the discovery of the redshift-distance relationship (deduced by the inverse correlation of galactic brightness to redshift) by American astronomers Vesto Slipher and Edwin Hubble, the astrophysicist and priest Georges Lemaître interpreted the redshift as evidence of universal expansion and thus a Big Bang, whereas Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky proposed that the redshift was caused by the photons losing energy as they passed through the matter and/or forces in intergalactic space. Zwicky's proposal would come to be termed 'tired light'—a term invented by the major Big Bang proponent Richard Tolman.
^Pogge, Richard W. (February 24, 2014). "Essay: The Folly of Giordano Bruno". astronomy.ohio-state.edu. Retrieved 3 April 2016. Bruno is often credited with recognizing that the Copernican system allowed an infinite Universe. In truth, the idea that a heliocentric description of the solar system allowed (or at least did not rule out) an infinite Universe was first proposed by Thomas Digges in 1576 in his A Perfit Description of the Caelestial Orbes, in which Digges both presents and extends the Copernican system, suggesting that the Universe was infinite.
cosmology, a staticuniverse (also referred to as stationary, infinite, static infinite or static eternal) is a cosmological model in which the universe is both...
steady-state universe, Einstein added what was later called a cosmological constant to his equations. Einstein's model of a staticuniverse was proved unstable...
Static Shock is an American superhero animated television series based on the Milestone Media/DC Comics superhero Static. It premiered on September 23...
constant in 1917 to counterbalance the effect of gravity and achieve a staticuniverse, a notion that was the accepted view at the time. Einstein's cosmological...
The observable universe is a ball-shaped region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes...
leading to a somewhat staticUniverse. Thirdly, the Universe would continue to expand forever, if the density of the Universe is less than the critical...
on the universe as a whole in such a way that the universe would remain static. However, after Hubble announced his conclusion that the universe was expanding...
paradox which aims to disprove an infinitely old staticuniverse, but it only fits with a staticuniverse scenario. Also, unlike Kelvin's paradox, it relies...
Einstein's staticuniverse would not be stable: local inhomogeneities would ultimately lead to either the runaway expansion or contraction of the universe. The...
contracting, yet staticuniverse, were dropped for the model expanding universe model. A theory called "Big Bounce" proposes that the universe could collapse...
Einstein field equations, showing that the universe might be expanding in contrast to the staticuniverse model advocated by Albert Einstein at that time...
Lawrence M.; Scherrer, Robert J.; Cepa, Jordi (2007). "The return of a staticuniverse and the end of cosmology". General Relativity and Gravitation. 39 (10):...
between a static and an expanding Universe. This is known as the Tolman surface brightness test that in those studies favors the expanding universe hypothesis...
order to allow the theory to predict a staticuniverse. The modified field equations predicted a staticuniverse of closed curvature, in accordance with...
Cosmological Redshift is caused by an expanding universe or not. In a simple (static and flat) universe, the light received from an object drops proportional...
equations in order to force them to model a staticuniverse. The Einstein model describes a staticuniverse; space is finite and unbounded (analogous to...
stated that a potential Static Shock film set in the DC Animated Universe is possible as the studio is always interested in Static. J. M. DeMatteis expressed...
Krauss, Lawrence M.; Scherrer, Robert J. (2007). "The return of a staticuniverse and the end of cosmology". General Relativity and Gravitation. 39 (10):...
This article consists of a list of episodes of the animated series Static Shock. "The Once and Future Thing", a two-part 2005 crossover episode with Justice...
timeline of the universe). Cosmologists agree that in accordance with observations of distant galaxies, a universe must be non-static if it follows the...
incompatible with a staticuniverse, and Einstein later conceded that he had been wrong to design his field equations to account for a Universe that was not...
equations of general relativity predict a non-staticuniverse. However, Einstein accepted only a staticuniverse, and modified the Einstein field equation...
universe is produced by the collision of a brane in the bulk space with a bounding orbifold plane, beginning from an otherwise cold, vacuous, static universe"...
the cosmological constant to general relativity in order to allow a staticuniverse was ad hoc. Although he later referred to it as his "greatest blunder"...
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