State media are typically understood as media outlets that are owned, operated, or significantly influenced by the government.[1] They are distinguished from public service media, which are designed to serve the public interest, operate independently of government control, and are financed through a combination of public funding, licensing fees, and sometimes advertising. The crucial difference lies in the level of independence from government influence and the commitment to serving a broad public interest rather than the interests of a specific political party or government agenda.[1][2][3]
State media serve as tools for public diplomacy and narrative shaping. These media outlets can broadcast via television, radio, print, and increasingly on social media, to convey government viewpoints to domestic and international audiences. The approach to using state media can vary, focusing on positive narratives, adjusting narratives retroactively, or spreading misinformation through sophisticated social media campaigns.[4]
^ ab"Unesco Freedom of Expression and Media Development". unesdoc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
^"Public Media: State, Government and Public Service Broadcasting —". ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. 2012. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
^"Public Service Broadcasting". web.archive.org. 2017-01-27. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
^Molter, Vanessa; DiResta, Renee (8 June 2020). "Pandemics & propaganda: How Chinese state media creates and propagates CCP coronavirus narratives". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-025.
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