This article is about the waveform. For the type of ocean surface wave, see Cross sea.
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Square wave
Sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms
General information
General definition
Fields of application
Electronics, synthesizers
Domain, codomain and image
Domain
Codomain
Basic features
Parity
Odd
Period
1
Antiderivative
Triangle wave
Fourier series
Square wave sound sample
5 seconds of square wave at 220 Hz
Problems playing this file? See media help.
A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous.
The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum amplitudes. The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods).
Square waves are often encountered in electronics and signal processing, particularly digital electronics and digital signal processing. Its stochastic counterpart is a two-state trajectory.
Squarewave sound sample 5 seconds of squarewave at 220 Hz Problems playing this file? See media help. A squarewave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform...
Like a squarewave, the triangle wave contains only odd harmonics. However, the higher harmonics roll off much faster than in a squarewave (proportional...
inverter may produce a squarewave, sine wave, modified sine wave, pulsed sine wave, or near-sine pulse-width modulated wave (PWM) depending on circuit...
to 0. The squarewave analysis reveals that the error exceeds the height (from zero) c 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {c}{2}}} of the squarewave by c π ∫ 0...
Sawtooth wave 5 seconds of 220 Hz sawtooth wave Problems playing this file? See media help. The sawtooth wave (or saw wave) is a kind of non-sinusoidal...
mathematics, the root mean square (abbrev. RMS, RMS or rms) of a set of numbers is the square root of the set's mean square. Given a set x i {\displaystyle...
sometimes called the amplitude. For symmetric periodic waves, like sine waves, squarewaves or triangle waves peak amplitude and semi amplitude are the same....
produces a squarewave, a specific case of a rectangular wave. The average level of a rectangular wave is also given by the duty cycle. The pulse wave is used...
represent digital information. A squarewave of constant period contains odd harmonics that decrease at −6 dB/octave. Triangle wave: ( t , λ , a , ϕ ) = 2 a π...
illustrate some partial Fourier series results for the components of a squarewave. A squarewave (represented as the blue dot) is approximated by its sixth partial...
into actual probabilities. In one common form, it says that the squared modulus of a wave function that depends upon position is the probability density...
oscillating or alternating current (AC) signal, usually a sine wave, squarewave or a triangle wave, powered by a direct current (DC) source. Oscillators are...
large. For instance, a signal with THDF 266% has a THDR of 94%. A pure squarewave with infinite harmonics has THDF of 48.3%, or THDR of 43.5%. Some use...
a sine wave at 100 Hz, and the carrier c ( t ) {\displaystyle c(t)} be an ideal squarewave at 300 Hz. The output will then include sine waves at 100±300 Hz...
5 second. This type of force has the shape of a 1 Hz squarewave. The Fourier transform of the squarewave generates a frequency spectrum that presents the...
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a...
sea (also referred to as a squared sea or squarewaves) is a sea state of wind-generated ocean waves that form nonparallel wave systems. Cross seas have...
full-scale squarewave. A signal measured with reference to a full-scale sine-wave appears 3 dB weaker when referenced to a full-scale squarewave, thus:...
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e...
frequency of the CPU's master clock signal. This signal is nominally a squarewave, which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic...
such that the RMS value of a full-scale sine wave is designated 0 dB FS. This means a full-scale squarewave would have an RMS value of +3 dB FS. This convention...
no peaks, such as direct current or a squarewave. Higher crest factors indicate peaks, for example sound waves tend to have high crest factors. Crest...
Either can be made to operate in square-wave or pulse-width modulation (PWM) mode, depending on its intended usage. Square-wave mode offers simplicity, while...
waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine wave, squarewave, triangular wave and sawtooth shapes. These waveforms can be either repetitive...
types. A Type I detector is designed to be driven by analog signals or square-wave digital signals and produces an output pulse at the difference frequency...
known as "silent lobing". This led to the introduction of the swept squarewave (SSW) technique, also known as scan rate modulation. This is generally...
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