Not to be confused with Specular Reflection (song).
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Coplanar condition of specular reflection, in which Reflections on still water are an example of specular reflection.
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.[1]
The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal in the plane formed by the incident and reflected rays. This behavior was first described by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70).[2] Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection.[3][4][5] He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.[6][7]
Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
^Sir Thomas Little Heath (1981). A history of Greek mathematics. Volume II: From Aristarchus to Diophantus. ISBN 978-0-486-24074-9.
^Stamnes, J. J. (2017-11-13). Waves in Focal Regions: Propagation, Diffraction and Focusing of Light, Sound and Water Waves. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-40468-6.
^Mach, Ernst (2013-01-23). The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-17347-4.
^Iizuka, Keigo (2013-11-11). Engineering Optics. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-07032-1.
^Selin 2008, p. 1817. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSelin2008 (help)
^Mach, Ernst (2013-01-23). The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-17347-4.
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Specularreflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. The law of reflection states that a...
one angle as in the case of specularreflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal...
{\displaystyle k_{\text{s}}} , which is a specularreflection constant, the ratio of reflection of the specular term of incoming light, k d {\displaystyle...
Specularity is the visual appearance of specularreflections. In computer graphics, it means the quantity used in three-dimensional (3D) rendering which...
specularreflection. This kind of reflection is especially strong for metal surfaces. Models that describe the perceived brightness due to specular reflection...
reflected sunlight from the surface of any liquid bodies, but no specularreflections were initially observed. The possibility remained that liquid ethane...
than Gouraud shading when applied to a reflection model with small specular highlights such as the Phong reflection model. The most serious problem with...
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glossmeter (also gloss meter) is an instrument which is used to measure specularreflection gloss of a surface. Gloss is determined by projecting a beam of light...
scene. The term specular means that light is perfectly reflected in a mirror-like way from the light source to the viewer. Specularreflection is visible only...
surfaces can be divided into those that give specularreflection and those that give diffuse reflection. For specular surfaces, such as glass or polished metal...
point). In geometric optics, specularreflection can be expressed in terms of the Householder matrix (see Specularreflection § Vector formulation). Householder...
which they strike the mirror (incident light). This property, called specularreflection, distinguishes a mirror from objects that diffuse light, breaking...
Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed a specularreflection in 5 µm infrared light off Jingpo Lacus at 71° N, 337° W. (This has...
both specular and diffusely back-scattered light. The word reflection often implies a particular physical process, such as specularreflection. The use...
these reflections. Instead, specular lighting creates bright spots on objects based on the intensity of the specular lighting component and the specular reflection...
to direct transmission for a transmissive diffraction grating or specularreflection for a reflective grating is called the zero order, and is denoted...
surface at a grazing angle. Lambertian reflection from polished surfaces is typically accompanied by specularreflection (gloss), where the surface luminance...
overall reflectance increases as diffuse reflection, instead of specularreflection, dominates. Specularreflection by smooth surface, for example calm water...
diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specularreflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with...
first to include simple specularreflections. Computer vision followed a similar course with photometric stereo. Specularreflections were among the first...
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