Photometric stereo analyzes multiple images of an object under different lighting conditions to estimate a normal direction at each pixel.
Photometric stereo is a technique in computer vision for estimating the surface normals of objects by observing that object under different lighting conditions (photometry). It is based on the fact that the amount of light reflected by a surface is dependent on the orientation of the surface in relation to the light source and the observer.[1] By measuring the amount of light reflected into a camera, the space of possible surface orientations is limited. Given enough light sources from different angles, the surface orientation may be constrained to a single orientation or even overconstrained.
The technique was originally introduced by Woodham in 1980.[2] The special case where the data is a single image is known as shape from shading, and was analyzed by B. K. P. Horn in 1989.[3] Photometric stereo has since been generalized to many other situations, including extended light sources and non-Lambertian surface finishes. Current research aims to make the method work in the presence of projected shadows, highlights, and non-uniform lighting.
Photometricstereo is a technique in computer vision for estimating the surface normals of objects by observing that object under different lighting conditions...
lighting are called photometricstereo techniques, or "shape from shading". Many[which?] attempts have been made to reproduce human stereo vision on rapidly...
normal information of the object surface is restored to reconstruct. PhotometricStereo This approach is more sophisticated than the shape-of-shading method...
process can be accomplished by methods such as depth camera imaging, photometricstereo, or structure from motion, and is also referred to as spatio-temporal...
Media related to Facial recognition system at Wikimedia Commons A PhotometricStereo Approach to Face Recognition (master's thesis). The University of...
kind of robot end effector. Early work on bin picking made use of PhotometricStereo in recovering the shapes of objects and to determine their orientation...
and generate topographic maps and digital elevation models (see photometricstereo). Planetary applications began with investigations of lunar topography...
involved, brightness transfer function (BTF); it may also be called photometric camera calibration or radiometric camera calibration. The term image...
Automation, pp. 31–41, vol. RA-2, no. 1, 1986. 1991. “A theory of photometricstereo for a class of diffuse, non-Lambertian surfaces". With H.D. Tagare...
researchers to create an approximative topography image (see further section "Photometric 3D rendering from a single SEM image"). Such topography can then be processed...
ISBN 978-1-461-21622-3. p. 7. Rosanoff MA (1906). "On Fischer's Classification of Stereo-Isomers.1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 28: 114–121. doi:10...
calibration or simply camera calibration, although that term may also refer to photometric camera calibration or be restricted for the estimation of the intrinsic...
composition of solar material. Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission was launched in October 2006. Two identical spacecraft were launched...
method is based on the same principles driving human stereoscopic vision. Photometric systems usually use a single camera, but take multiple images under varying...
Since it operates on local cells, it is invariant to geometric and photometric transformations, except for object orientation. Such changes would only...
A. J.; White, Glenn J. (February 2012). "A photometric study of chemically peculiar stars with the STEREO satellites – I. Magnetic chemically peculiar...
Grootel, Valérie (1 February 2021). "Refining the Transit-timing and Photometric Analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Masses, Radii, Densities, Dynamics, and Ephemerides"...
has been referred to as a "rock comet". In studies performed by NASA's STEREO spacecraft in 2009 and 2012, rapid brightening and dust tail have been observed...
magnetic activity in very stable stellar magnetic fields. Long-term photometric and spectroscopic study of the fully convective M4 dwarf V374 Pegasi"...
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