Period of flourishing in arts and literature in Spain
Not to be confused with Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain.
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In ictu oculi ("In the blink of an eye"), a vanitas by Juan de Valdés LealFaçade of the Monastery of El Escorial
The Spanish Golden Age (Spanish: Siglo de Oro[ˈsiɣloðeˈoɾo], "Golden Century") was a period of flourishing in arts and literature in Spain, coinciding with the political rise of the Spanish Empire under the Catholic Monarchs of Spain and the Spanish Habsburgs. The greatest patron of Spanish art and culture during this period was King Philip II (1556–1598). His royal palace, El Escorial, invited the attention of some of Europe's greatest architects and painters, such as El Greco, who infused Spanish art with foreign styles and helped create a uniquely Spanish style of painting. The period is associated with the reigns of Isabella I, Ferdinand II, Charles V, Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV, when Spain was at the peak of its power and influence in Europe and the world.
The start of the Golden Age can be placed in 1492, with the end of the Reconquista, the voyages of Christoforo Colombo to the New World, and the publication of Antonio de Nebrija's Grammar of the Castilian Language. It came to an end around the time of the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659),[1] that concluded the Franco-Spanish War of 1635 to 1659. Some[who?] extend the Golden Age up to 1681 with the death of Pedro Calderón de la Barca, the last great writer of the age. It can be divided into a Plateresque/Renaissance period and the early part of the Spanish Baroque period.
The period covered the work of Miguel de Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote de la Mancha and Spain's most prolific playwright, Lope de Vega, who wrote around a thousand plays during his lifetime, of which over four hundred survive to the present day. Diego Velázquez, regarded as one of the most influential painters of European history and a greatly respected artist in his own time, was patronised by King Philip IV and his chief minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares.
Some of Spain's greatest music is regarded as having been written during this period. Composers such as Tomás Luis de Victoria, Cristóbal de Morales, Francisco Guerrero, Luis de Milán and Alonso Lobo helped to shape Renaissance music and the styles of counterpoint and polychoral music. Their influence lasted far into the Baroque period, resulting in a revolution of music.
The realms of Philip II of Spain
Territories administered by the Council of Castile
Territories administered by the Council of Aragon
Territories administered by the Council of Portugal
Territories administered by the Council of Italy
Territories administered by the Council of the Indies
Territories appointed to the Council of Flanders
^"Siglo de Oro en España".
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