Союз Космическая Программа Soyuz Kosmicheskaya Programma
Artist's impression of the Soyuz 19 spacecraft from the Apollo–Soyuz mission
Program overview
Country
Soviet Union Russia
Organization
Roscosmos (1991–present)
Status
Ongoing
Programme history
First crewed flight
Soyuz 1
Launch site(s)
Baikonur
Vehicle information
Uncrewed vehicle(s)
Progress
Crewed vehicle(s)
Soyuz
Crew capacity
1–3
Launch vehicle(s)
Soyuz-U
Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2
Part of a series of articles on the
Soviet space program
Soviet crewed lunar programs
Luna program
Human spaceflight programs
Vostok
Voskhod
Soyuz
Salyut
Apollo–Soyuz (joint)
Mir
Zond (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1)
N1-L3 (Moon landing)
TMK (Mars flyby)
Spiral
Almaz / TKS
Energia / Buran
Space probes
Sputnik program
Kosmos
Bion
GLONASS
Molniya
Meteor
Zenit
Luna program
Zond program
Lunokhod program
Mars program
Phobos program
Marsnik program
Astron (spacecraft)
Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
RELIKT-1
Venera
Vega program
Expendable launch vehicles
Kosmos-3M
Molniya-M
Proton
K
Soyuz
U
Zenit
2
Energia
Kosmos
1
2I
3
3M
N1
R-7
Luna
Molniya
Polyot
Soyuz
L
M
U2
Soyuz/Vostok
Sputnik
Voskhod
Vostok
L
K
2
2M
Tsyklon
2
3
Notable figures
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Friedrich Zander
Mstislav Keldysh
Sergei Korolev
Laika
Yuri Gagarin
Alexander Kemurdzhian
Valentina Tereshkova
Alexei Leonov
Konstantin Feoktistov
Mikhail Tikhonravov
Mikhail Yangel
Valentin Glushko
Vladimir Chelomey
Kerim Kerimov
Vasily Mishin
Boris Chertok
Cosmonauts
List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
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The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/SAW-; Russian: Союз[sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.[1] It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes.[2]
The programme consists of the Soyuz capsule and the Soyuz rocket and is now the responsibility of the Russian Roscosmos.[3][4] After the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, Soyuz was the only way for humans to get to the International Space Station (ISS) until 30 May 2020, when Crew Dragon flew to the ISS for the first time with astronauts.[4][5]
^Harland, David M. "Soyuz". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
^Hendrickx, Bart (2018). "Russian Life Support Systems: Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz". In Seedhouse, Erik; Shayler, David J. (eds.). Handbook of Life Support Systems for Spacecraft and Extraterrestrial Habitats. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–15. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09575-2_39-1. ISBN 978-3-319-09575-2. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
^Wild, Flint (27 June 2018). "What Is the Soyuz Spacecraft?". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
^ abO'Callaghan, Jonathan (9 April 2020). "The Last Soyuz - NASA Ends Reliance On Russia With Final Launch Before Crew Dragon". Forbes. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
^Luscombe, Richard; Sample, Ian (30 May 2020). "SpaceX successfully launches Nasa astronauts into orbit". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
The Soyuzprogramme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet...
following the death of the Chief Designer of the space programme Sergei Korolev. Komarov was launched on Soyuz 1 despite failures of the previous uncrewed tests...
from one crew to another, and various spacewalk records. The ensuing Soyuzprogramme was vital for evolving space station technology from a basic, engineering...
its first six flights. The Voskhod programme was superseded by the Soyuzprogramme. The Voskhod spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had...
Soyuz 11 (Russian: Союз 11, lit. 'Union 11') was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky...
crewed and uncrewed flights of Soyuz series spacecraft. The Soyuzprogramme is an ongoing human spaceflight programme which was initiated by the Soviet...
the Space Race. Soyuzprogramme, a human spaceflight program initiated by the Soviet Union, continued by the Russian Federation Soyuz (spacecraft), used...
States to surpass the Soviet achievements with the Project Gemini. The Soyuzprogramme was intended to rejuvenate the program by developing space rendezvous...
Vostok 6. The Voskhod programme began in 1964 and consisted of two crewed flights before the program was canceled by the Soyuzprogramme in 1966. Voskhod 1...
Soyuz 7 (Russian: Союз 7, Union 7) was part of an October, 1969, joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 8 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together...
who flew on three space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31. He was also backup for Vostok 3 and Soyuz 37. Born in Pavlovsky Posad, Russia, on 2...
"Kosmos 133"), Soyuz 7K-OK No.2, was the first uncrewed test flight of the Soyuz spacecraft, and first mission of the Soyuzprogramme, as part of the...
three space missions of the Soyuzprogramme: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33. Two of these missions, Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 33, were intended to dock with...
is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuzprogramme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. Following the death of Alexei Leonov in October 2019...
Soyuz 8 (Russian: Союз 8, Union 8) was part of an October, 1969, joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 7 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together...
Soyuz 5 (Russian: Союз 5, Union 5) was a Soyuz mission using the Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on 15 January 1969, which docked with...
Soyuz 10 (Russian: 'Союз 10', Union 10) was launched on 22 April 1971 as the world's first mission to the world's first space station, the Soviet Salyut...
Soyuz 23 (Russian: Союз 23, Union 23) was an October, 1976, Soviet crewed space flight, the second to the Salyut 5 space station. Cosmonauts Vyacheslav...
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