1971 Soviet spaceflight, first spaceflight to visit a space station, and fatal disaster
This article is about a 1971 spaceflight. For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 11, see Soyuz TMA-7.
Not to be confused with Soyuz T-11, Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-11M, or Soyuz MS-11.
Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 on a 1971 commemorative stamp of the Soviet Union
Mission type
Dock with Salyut 1
Operator
Soviet space program
COSPAR ID
1971-053A
SATCAT no.
05283
Mission duration
23 days, 18 hours, 21 minutes, 43 seconds
Orbits completed
383
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft
Soyuz, 7K-T No. 32[1]
Spacecraft type
Soyuz 7K-OKS
Manufacturer
Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1)
Launch mass
6565 kg[2]
Landing mass
1200 kg
Crew
Crew size
3
Members
Georgy Dobrovolsky
Vladislav Volkov
Viktor Patsayev
Callsign
Янтарь (Yantar – "Amber")
Start of mission
Launch date
6 June 1971, 04:55:09 GMT
Rocket
Soyuz
Launch site
Baikonur, Site 1/5[3]
End of mission
Landing date
29 June 1971, 23:16:52 GMT
Landing site
90 km southwest of Karazhal, Karaganda Oblast, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union 47°21′23″N70°07′16″E / 47.35639°N 70.12111°E / 47.35639; 70.12111
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric orbit[4]
Regime
Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude
185.0 km
Apogee altitude
217.0 km
Inclination
51.6°
Period
88.3 minutes
Docking with Salyut 1
Docking date
7 June 1971
Undocking date
29 June 1971, 18:28 GMT[2]
Time docked
22 days
Zvezda Rocket (l-r) Dobrovolsky, Volkov and Patsayev
Soyuz programme
← Soyuz 10
Soyuz 12 →
Soyuz 11 (Russian: Союз 11, lit. 'Union 11') was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1.[5][6] The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev,[7][8][9] arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971, and departed on 29 June 1971. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-person crew.[10] The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space.[11][12]
^Soyuz-11 begins a fateful expedition to Salyut www.russianspaceweb.com, accessed 27 December 2022
^ abCite error: The named reference Display was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Baikonur LC1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
^Cite error: The named reference Trajectory was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Soyuz 10 had soft-docked, but had not been able to enter due to latching problems.
^"Soyuz 11". Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
^Trivedi, Mamta (2001). "30 Years Ago: The World's First Space Station, which was Salyut 1". Space.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2001. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
^"After glory era, cash woes hobble Russian space program". CNN. 1997. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
^"Triumph and Tragedy of Soyuz 11". Time. 12 July 1971. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
^STS-107 had re-entered the atmosphere when its accident occurred.
^"Space disasters and near misses". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
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