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The Somanath temple (IAST: somanātha) or Deo Patan, is a Hindu temple located in Prabhas Patan, Veraval in Gujarat, India. It is one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites for Hindus and is the first among the twelve jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva.[1] It is unclear when the first version of the Somnath temple was built, with estimates varying between the early centuries of the 1st millennium and about the 9th century CE.[2][3] The temple is not mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism; while various texts, including the Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana, mention a tirtha (pilgrimage site) at Prabhas Patan on the coastline of Saurashtra, where the temple is presently located, there is no evidence that a temple existed at the site in ancient times.[4][5][6]
The temple was reconstructed several times in the past after repeated destruction by multiple Muslim invaders and rulers, notably starting with an attack by Mahmud Ghazni in the 11th century.[7][8][9][10]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, historians and archaeologists of the colonial era actively studied the Somnath temple because its ruins showed a historic Hindu temple that was turning into an Islamic mosque.[11][12][13] After India's independence, those ruins were demolished, and the present Somnath temple was reconstructed in the Māru-Gurjara style of Hindu temple architecture. The contemporary Somnath temple's reconstruction was started under the orders of the first Deputy Prime Minister of India, Vallabhbhai Patel after receiving approval for reconstruction from Mahatma Gandhi. The reconstruction was completed in May 1951, after Gandhi's death.[14][15]
^"Somnath darshan". Official website of Somnath Temple. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
^Dhaky & Shastri 1974.
^Rosa Maria Cimino 1977.
^Thapar 2005, p. 18-19, Chapter 2.
^Mishra & Ray 2016, p. 22: "In the case of Somanatha, one has to rely solely on literary evidence as even though excavations reveal an early settlement at the site, there is no evidence for the early existence of a temple at the site...In the Mahabharata, Prabhas Patan has been described as a sacred tirtha located on the coast of the sea (Vana Parva, Ch. 109)"
^Shastri & Tagare 2004, pp. 1934, 2113.
^Yagnik & Sheth 2005, pp. 39–40, 47–50.
^Thapar 2005, pp. 36–37.
^Catherine B. Asher; Cynthia Talbot (2006). India before Europe. Sterling Publishers. p. 42. ISBN 9781139915618.
^Thapar 2004, pp. 68–69
^Cousens 1931, pp. 15–18.
^The Somanatha temple at Prabhas Patan, D.H. Sykes and Henry Counsens, British Library Archives (2021)
^Shakshi 2012, pp. 304–306 with Figure 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFShakshi2012 (help)
^Gopal, Ram (1994). Hindu culture during and after Muslim rule: survival and subsequent challenges. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 148. ISBN 81-85880-26-3.
^Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu nationalist movement and Indian politics: 1925 to the 1990s. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 84. ISBN 1-85065-170-1.
the Somnathtemple was built, with estimates varying between the early centuries of the 1st millennium and about the 9th century CE. The temple is not...
named Dev Patan, is locality in Veraval, Gujarat. As the site of the Somnathtemple and its associated Jyotirlinga (an aniconic representation of the god...
Veraval is a city and the headquarters of Gir Somnath district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Somnathtemple, a place of pilgrimage due to its importance...
Hindu temples such as the Kashi Vishvanath temple in Varanasi, a Vishnu temple in Gaya, and a much larger Shiva Jyotirlinga temple in SomnathTemple. This...
iconoclasm in India was Mahmud of Ghazni's attack on the SomnathTemple from across the Thar Desert. The temple was first raided in 725, when Junayad, the governor...
design of over 100 temples worldwide for at least 15 generations, including the Somnathtemple. The chief architect of the temple was Chandrakant Sompura...
rule, he invaded and plundered the richest cities and temple towns, such as Mathura and Somnath in medieval India seventeen times, and used the booty...
reign saw an invasion from the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud, who sacked the Somnathtemple. Bhima left his capital and took shelter in Kanthkot during this invasion...
district was the ultra-rich Somnathtemple (which in the 11th century had been plundered by Mahmud of Ghazni, who damaged the temple and its idols to rob it...
Govardhan, Kurukshetra and Dwarka). Bhalka is located just 4 KM from SomnathTemple, a Jyotirlinga, situated in Veraval, Gujarat, India. The site also has...
temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is better known as Somnathtemple. "Someshwar Mahadev Temple : : Official Website of Pawan Path". Retrieved 2024-01-02...
Supasi Sasan Gir Somnathtemple Veraval Veraval Chowpati [permanent dead link] Industrial Potentiality Survey Report of Gir Somnath [2016-17 "Promises...
from Prabhas Patan famous for the Somnathtemple. The term "salat" is derived from Shilavat, the old term for a temple architect. Members of this clan took...
Ghazni raided Gujarat, and plundered the Somnathtemple. According to an 1169 inscription, Bhima rebuilt the temple. This inscription does not mention any...
projecting angles similar to Chaulukya temples in Gujarat like the sun temple of Modhera, Somnathtemple and Sejakpur temple. The mandapa is in the crucifix...
from Ghazni that Mahmud allegedly took after his destruction of the Somnathtemple from somewhere in Prabhas Patan, Gujarat some 800 years earlier and...
Meenakshi Amman Temple, Kallalagar temple, Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi and many more. Srirangam Ranganathaswamy Perumal temple under the Vijayanagara...
characterised by destruction of temples, often illustrated by historians by the repeated destruction of the Hindu Temple at Somnath and the anti-Hindu practices...
Bhima I, the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud invaded the kingdom and raided the Somnathtemple during 1024-1025 CE. The Chaulukyas soon recovered, and the kingdom...
migration to Southern India owes to the forays and desecration of the Somnathtemple triggered by the frequent Muslim invasions, most notably by Mahmud Ghazni...
of Ghazni sacks SomnathTemple and breaks the idol of Lord Shiva. The prince of Shravasti, Malladev, dies trying to save the temple. When his brother...
Matha/Peeth is not to be confused with Sharada Peeth, a temple in Kashmir. Nageshvara Jyotirlinga SomnathTemple Brockman 2011, p. 94. Desai 2007, p. 285. "Development...
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