Portrait of Soltan Hoseyn in the Reizen over Moskovie, door Persie en Indie by Cornelis de Bruijn, dated 1703.[1] It is currently located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.[2]
Shah of Iran
Reign
6 August 1694 – 21 October 1722
Coronation
7 August 1694
Predecessor
Suleiman of Persia
Successor
Tahmasp II (Qazvin) Mahmud Hotaki (Isfahan)
Born
1668
Died
9 September 1727 (aged 59) Isfahan
Burial
Fatima Masumeh Shrine, Qom
Issue
See below
Dynasty
Safavid dynasty
Father
Suleiman of Persia
Mother
Unnamed Circassian woman
Soltan Hoseyn[a] (Persian: سلطان حسین, romanized: Soltān-Hoseyn; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722. He was the son and successor of Shah Suleiman (r. 1666–1694).
Born and raised in the royal harem, Soltan Hoseyn ascended the throne with limited life experience and more or less no expertise in the affairs of the country. He was installed on the throne through the efforts of powerful great-aunt, Maryam Begum, as well as the court eunuchs, who wanted to increase their authority by taking advantage of a weak and impressionable ruler. Throughout his reign, Soltan Hoseyn became known for his extreme devotion, which had blended in with his superstition, impressionable personality, excessive pursuit of pleasure, debauchery, and wastefulness, all of which have been considered by both contemporary and later writers as elements that played a part in the decline of the country.
The last decade of Soltan Hoseyn's reign was marked by urban dissension, tribal uprisings, and encroachment by the country's neighbours. The biggest threat came from the east, where the Afghans had rebelled under the leadership of the warlord Mirwais Hotak. The latter's son and successor, Mahmud Hotak made an incursion into the country's centre, eventually reaching the capital Isfahan in 1722, which was put under siege. A famine soon emerged in the city, which forced Soltan Hoseyn to surrender on 21 October 1722. He relinquished his regalia to Mahmud Hotak, who subsequently had him imprisoned, and became the new ruler of the city. In November, Soltan Hoseyn's third son and heir apparent, declared himself as Tahmasp II in the city of Qazvin.
Soltan Hoseyn was beheaded on 9 September 1727 under the orders of Mahmud Hotak's successor Ashraf Hotak (r. 1725–1729), due to an insulting letter sent by the Ottoman commander-in-chief Ahmad Pasha, who claimed that he had marched into Iran in order to restore Soltan Hoseyn to the throne.
^Matthee 2011, p. 166.
^Mokhberi 2019, p. 92.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
SoltanHoseyn (Persian: سلطان حسین, romanized: Soltān-Hoseyn; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722. He was the son and...
princes who were in his hands, with the exception of SoltanHoseyn himself. When SoltanHoseyn tried to stop the massacre, he was wounded, but his action...
Pishdadian dynasty. Tahmasp was the son of SoltanHoseyn, the Shah of Iran at the time. When SoltanHoseyn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722...
al-Din Hoseyn (Persian: سید علاء الدین حسین) (c.1592 – 5 March 1654), better known as Khalifeh Soltan (خلیفه سلطان), and also known as Soltan al-Ulama...
after a rebellion by the Hotaki Afghans had overthrown the weak Shah SoltanHoseyn (r. 1694–1722), while the arch-enemy of the Safavids, the Ottomans,...
bureaucracy, all were a forewarning of the troubling rule of his successor, SoltanHoseyn, whose reign saw the end of the Safavid dynasty. Suleiman was the first...
who subsequently marched towards him. Shahverdi fled and his nephew SoltanHoseyn ibn Shah Rostam was appointed governor of Lorestan in his stead, with...
Safavid monarchs, Shah Suleiman (r. 1666–1694) and the latter's son SoltanHoseyn (r. 1694–1722) from 1691 to 1699. He is also notable for writing the...
construction of a palace in the Chenaristan area, a Divankhane where SoltanHoseyn in the last year of his reign meet with the Ottoman government's ambassador...
falling revenues and military threats, later shahs had lavish lifestyles. SoltanHoseyn (1694–1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest...
of vali. In 1718, the Venetian senate implored the Safavid emperor SoltanHoseyn to protect the Catholic Armenians and Capuchin missionaries in Tbilisi...
decline, with insurrections in numerous parts of its domains. The king, SoltanHoseyn, was a weak ruler, and although personally inclined to be more humane...
during the reigns of Shah (King) Suleiman I (r. 1666–1694) and Shah SoltanHoseyn (r. 1694–1722). Originally a merchant, he later converted from Christianity...
predecessors, and the title molla-bashi (chief theologian) created by SoltanHoseyn was not retained. Religious officers typically selected by the crown...
(Persian: تختگاه) may refer to: Takhtgah-e HoseynSoltan Takhtgah-e Jahan Bakhsh Takhtgah-e Safi Yar Soltan Takhtgah-e Surat Khanom Sar Takhtgah This disambiguation...
I 1587–1629 Safi 1629–1642 Abbas II 1642–1666 Suleiman I 1666–1694 SoltanHoseyn 1694–1722 Tahmasp II 1722–1732 Abbas III 1732–1736 The Safavid family...
vassal state to the throne. And as a result, Ashraf Hotak executed SoltanHoseyn, the former Safavid king. War began as the Ottomans opened hostility...
Shah Abbas II (r. 1642–1666), Shah Soleyman (r. 1666–1694), and Shah SoltanHoseyn (r. 1694–1722). He was born in the town of Tafresh (south-east of Tehran)...
(Erivan) province. He had been chosen by the Safavid Persian emperor SoltanHoseyn for the mission and travelled with a grand entourage, as suitable to...
Arabic and Persian fluently. Hovhannes was one of the monks that Shah SoltanHoseyn (r. 1694–1722) spoke with about religion and theology during the latter's...
blinded or jailed, thus marking their end. Shahverdi Abbasi's maternal cousin Hoseyn Khan Solvizi was appointed the governor of Lorestan, while Tahmaspqoli Khan...
brother in Kartli. As a reward for his military service, the Safavid shah SoltanHoseyn made Levan, in 1703, a divanbeg (chief justice) of Persia, and his son...
Global Information