A solid immersion lens (SIL) has higher magnification and higher numerical aperture than common lenses by filling the object space with a high-refractive-index solid material. SIL was originally developed for enhancing the spatial resolution of optical microscopy.[1] There are two types of SIL:
Hemispherical SIL: Theoretically capable of increasing the numerical aperture of an optical system by , the index of refraction of the material of the lens.
Weierstrass SIL (superhemispherical SIL or superSIL): the height of the truncated sphere is , where r is the radius of the spherical surface of the lens. Theoretically capable of increasing the numerical aperture of an optical system by .[2]
^S. M. Mansfield and G. S. Kino, “Solid immersion microscope”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, no. 24, p. 2615, (1990).
^Barnes, W., Björk, G., Gérard, J. et al. "Solid-state single photon sources: light collection strategies" Eur. Phys. J. D (2002) 18: 197. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e20020024
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