"Insolation" redirects here. Not to be confused with insulation.
Global distribution of incoming shortwave solar radiation averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set[1]The shield effect of Earth's atmosphere on solar irradiation. The top image is the annual mean solar irradiation (or insolation) at the top of Earth's atmosphere (TOA); the bottom image shows the annual insolation reaching the Earth's surface after passing through the atmosphere. The two images use the same color scale.
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
Solar irradiance is measured in watts per square metre (W/m2) in SI units.
Solar irradiance is often integrated over a given time period in order to report the radiant energy emitted into the surrounding environment (joule per square metre, J/m2) during that time period. This integrated solar irradiance is called solar irradiation, solar exposure, solar insolation, or insolation.
Irradiance may be measured in space or at the Earth's surface after atmospheric absorption and scattering. Irradiance in space is a function of distance from the Sun, the solar cycle, and cross-cycle changes.[2]
Irradiance on the Earth's surface additionally depends on the tilt of the measuring surface, the height of the Sun above the horizon, and atmospheric conditions.[3]
Solar irradiance affects plant metabolism and animal behavior.[4]
The study and measurement of solar irradiance have several important applications, including the prediction of energy generation from solar power plants, the heating and cooling loads of buildings, climate modeling and weather forecasting, passive daytime radiative cooling applications, and space travel.
^Brun, P., Zimmermann, N.E., Hari, C., Pellissier, L., Karger, D.N. (preprint): Global climate-related predictors at kilometre resolution for the past and future. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-212
^Michael Boxwell, Solar Electricity Handbook: A Simple, Practical Guide to Solar Energy (2012), pp. 41–42.
^Stickler, Greg. "Educational Brief - Solar Radiation and the Earth System". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Abiotic factor. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
Solarirradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range...
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (W⋅m−2). The...
instruments, including the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM), and the...
Total SolarIrradiance data Archived 2013-07-06 at the Wayback Machine updated every Monday N0NBH Solar data and tools SolarCycle24.com Solar Physics...
specifically, it is a flux density measuring mean solar electromagnetic radiation (total solarirradiance) per unit area. It is measured on a surface perpendicular...
is estimated by NASA to be about a quarter of Earth's average total solarirradiance. The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative...
Patterns of solarirradiance and solar variation have been a main driver of climate change over the millions to billions of years of the geologic time...
thought to be much smaller than this. Solar luminosity is related to solarirradiance (the solar constant). Solarirradiance is responsible for the orbital forcing...
Sun-synchronous orbit from which the ACRIM-3 instrument monitored total solarirradiance (TSI). Contact with the satellite was lost on 14 December 2013. ACRIM-3...
appear, and the solarirradiance output grows by about 0.07%. On average, the solar cycle takes about 11 years to go from one solar maximum to the next...
heliosphere and geospace in the form of solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in the solarirradiance. The SDO spacecraft was developed at NASA's...
type of actinometer used for measuring solarirradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the...
tehsil of Phalodi district, as a suitable site for solar power generation due to its high solarirradiance, low population density, and availability of government-owned...
decommissioning or relocation of solar module systems. Vertical bifacial solar cells oriented towards east and west to catch the sun's irradiance more efficiently in...
total solarirradiance has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be directly attributed to an increase in total solar energy...
exposed to the Standard Test Condition solarirradiance value of 1000 W/m2 for 2.74 hours a day. Usually solar panels are exposed to sunlight for longer...
of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and changes in surface albedo and solarirradiance. In more technical terms, it is defined as "the change in the net,...
beginning of systematic monitoring of the total solar irradiance from space. Solar variation List of solar cycles Kane, R.P. (2002). "Some Implications Using...
focused on wind energy resources Irradiance Photovoltaics SolarirradianceSolar power "New World Bank Tool Helps Map Solar Potential". World Bank. 2017-01-17...
limits on long-term variations in quiet-Sun irradiance and their contribution to total solarirradiance and solar radiative forcing of climate". Proceedings...
is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square...
dimming was observed soon after the first systematic measurements of solarirradiance began in the 1950s. This weakening of visible sunlight proceeded at...
correlated with long-term change in solarirradiance, which, in turn, might influence Earth's long-term climate. The solar cycle influences space weather conditions...
2012-07-11. Enphase Solar Monitoring SolarIrradiance Measurements Pearce, Joshua. M; Adegboyega Babasola; Rob Andrews (2012). "Open Solar Photovoltaic Systems...
that affect the output power of solar cells such as temperature, material properties, weather conditions, solarirradiance and more. The first instance of...
wider range of applications. Solarirradiance variability assessments are useful for solar power applications. Solarirradiance variability at any location...
Global Information
