Global InformationSlovenia information
Republic of Slovenia
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Anthem: Zdravljica (English: "A Toast") | |
 Location of Slovenia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Ljubljana 46°03′05″N 14°30′22″E / 46.05139°N 14.50611°E |
| Official languages | Slovene[i] |
| Recognised regional languages |
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| Ethnic groups (2002)[1][2] |
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| Religion (2018)[3] |
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| Demonym(s) |
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| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
• President | Nataša Pirc Musar |
• Prime Minister | Robert Golob |
| Legislature | Parliament |
• Upper house | National Council |
• Lower house | National Assembly |
| Establishment | |
• State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs | 29 October 1918 |
• Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | 1 December 1918 |
• Slovene National Liberation Committee | 19 February 1944 |
• Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 29 July 1944 |
• Independence from Yugoslavia | 25 June 1991[4] |
• Brioni Agreement signed | 7 July 1991 |
• Current constitution adopted | 23 December 1991 |
• Admitted to the United Nations | 22 May 1992 |
• Joined the European Union | 1 May 2004 |
| Area | |
• Total | 20,271 km2 (7,827 sq mi) (150th) |
• Water (%) | 0.7[5] |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate |  2,123,103[6] (147th) |
• 2002 census | 1,964,036 |
• Density | 103[6]/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (106th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $112.913 billion[7] (93rd) |
• Per capita | $53,287[7] (36th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $72.101 billion[7] (80th) |
• Per capita | $34,026[7] (34th) |
| Gini (2020) |  23.5[8]low |
| HDI (2022) | 0.926[9] very high (22nd) |
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd. mm. yyyy (AD) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +386 |
| ISO 3166 code | SI |
| Internet TLD | .si[ii] |
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Slovenia (/sloʊˈviːniə, slə-/ ⓘ[10][11] sloh-VEE-nee-ə; Slovene: Slovenija [slɔˈʋèːnija])[12] officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: ⓘ[13][14]), is a country in southern Central Europe.[15][16] Slovenia is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short coastline within the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.[17] Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested,[18] covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi),[19] and has a population of approximately 2.1 million.[20] Slovene, a South Slavic language, is the official language.[21] Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate,[22] with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. A sub-mediterranean climate reaches to the northern extensions of the Dinaric Alps that traverse the country in a northwest–southeast direction. The Julian Alps in the northwest have an alpine climate.[23] Toward the northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country.[24]
Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures.[16] Its territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire, the Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[17] In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs.[25] In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[26] During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state.[27] In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.[28] In June 1991, Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state.[4]
Slovenia is a developed country, with a high-income economy ranking highly in the Human Development Index.[29] The Gini coefficient rates its income inequality among the lowest in the world.[30] It is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, the OSCE, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and NATO.[31] Slovenia was ranked 33rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2023.[32]
- ^ "Census 2002: 7. Population by ethnic affiliation, Slovenia, Census 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002". Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ "Prebivalstvo: demografsko stanje, jeziki in veroizpovedi". 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Eurobarometer 90.4 (December 2018): Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism", Special Eurobarometer, European Union: European Commission, 2019, archived from the original on 13 March 2020, retrieved 9 August 2019 – via GESIS
- ^ a b Škrk, Mirjam (1999). "Recognition of States and Its (Non-)Implication on State Succession: The Case of Successor States to the Former Yugoslavia". In Mrak, Mojmir (ed.). Succession of States. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 9789041111456.
- ^ "Površina ozemlja in pokrovnost tal, določena planimetrično, 2005" [Surface area and land cover determined planimetrically, 2005] (in Slovenian and English). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ a b "Population, 1 October 2022". Statistical Office of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Slovenia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 9781405881180.
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521152532.
- ^ "Slovenski pravopis 2001 - Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU in Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti – izid poizvedbe". bos.zrc-sazu.si.
- ^ Slovene pronunciation: [ɾɛˈpùːblika slɔˈʋèːnija]. Source: "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Republika Slovenija".
- ^ Slovene pronunciation: [ɾəˈsə́]. Source: "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Republika Slovenija".
- ^ "Slovenia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 20 November 2023.
- ^ a b Černe, Andrej (2004). Orožen Adamič, Milan (ed.). Gateway to Western, Central, and Southeastern Europe (PDF). Slovenia: A Geographical Overview. Association of the Geographical Societies of Slovenia. p. 127. ISBN 961-6500-49-X.
For centuries, the territory of Slovenia has been crossed by traditional transportation routes connecting northern Europe with southern, eastern, and western Europe. Slovenia's location in the northwestern part of the Mediterranean's most inland bay on the Adriatic Sea where the Alps, the plateaus of the Dinaric Alps, and the western margins of the Pannonian Basin meet gives [it] a relatively quite advantageous traffic and geographical position distinguished by its transitional character and the links between these geographical regions. In a wider macroregional sense, this transitional character and these links have not changed since prehistoric times.
- ^ a b "Slovenia – History, Geography, & People". Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Perko, Drago (2008). "Slovenia at the Junction of Major European Geographical Units" (PDF). The Slovenian. Toronto: Vse Slovenski Kulturni Odbor [The All Slovenian Cultural Committee].
- ^ "Spremembe v površini Slovenije" [Changes to the Area of Slovenia] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 1 July 2018.
- ^ "Population: Demographic situation, languages and religions". European Education and Culture Executive Agency. 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Slovene language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Fallon, Steve (2007). "Environment". Slovenia (5th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-74104-480-5.
- ^ Ogrin, Darko (2004). "Modern Climate Change in Slovenia" (PDF). In Orožen Adamič, Milan (ed.). Slovenia: A Geographical Overview. Association of the Geographical Societies of Slovenia. p. 45. ISBN 961-6500-49-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2013.
- ^ "About Ljubljana". Mestna občina Ljubljana. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Trgovčević, Ljubinka (18 July 2016). "Yugoslavia". International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "History and culture". I feel Slovenia. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Sečen, Ernest (16 April 2005). "Mejo so zavarovali z žico in postavili mine" [They Protected the Border with Wire and Set up Mines]. Dnevnik.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ "From Alignment to Non-Alignment: Yugoslavia Discovers the Third World". Wilson Center. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Slovenia Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption". The Heritage Foundation. 24 January 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ "Gini index (World Bank estimate) | Data". World Bank. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ "International organisations and international law". Government of Slovenia. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ WIPO. "Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition". www.wipo.int. doi:10.34667/tind.46596. Retrieved 28 October 2023.