Archbishop of Salzburg (1112–1555) Habsburg Monarchy (1555–1804) Austrian Empire (1804–1809) Illyrian Provinces (1809–1814; capital) Austrian Empire (1814–1867) Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918) Kingdom of Yugoslavia[5] (1918–1941) Kingdom of Italy (1941–1945; annexed) Nazi Germany (1943–1945; de facto) SFR Yugoslavia[6] (1945–1991) Slovenia (1991–present; capital)
Ljubljana[a] (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia,[14][15] located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region,[16] north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area.[17] The city was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. It was the historical capital of Carniola,[18] one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg monarchy.[14] It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state.[19]
^ ab"Nadmorska višina naselij, kjer so sedeži občin" [Height above sea level of seats of municipalities] (in Slovenian and English). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2002. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013.
^"Osebna izkaznica – RRA LUR". rralur.si. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
^"Ljubljana, Ljubljana". Place Names. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
^Zip Codes in Slovenia from 1000 to 1434 (in Slovene) Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Acquired on 28 April 2015.
^Known as: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
^Known as: Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)
^"Ljubljana". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022.
^ ab"Ljubljana". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ ab"Ljubljana". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
^"Ljubljana". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
^"Slovenski pravopis 2001 - Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU in Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti - izid poizvedbe". bos.zrc-sazu.si. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
^ abVuk Dirnberk, Vojka; Tomaž Valantič. "Statistični portret Slovenije v EU 2010" [Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the EU 2010] (PDF). Statistični Portret Slovenije V Eu ...=Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the Eu (in Slovenian and English). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. ISSN 1854-5734. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
^Zavodnik Lamovšek, Alma; Drobne, Samo; Žaucer, Tadej (2008). "Small and Medium-Size Towns as the Basis of Polycentric Urban Development" (PDF). Geodetski Vestnik. Vol. 52, no. 2. Association of Surveyors of Slovenia. p. 303. ISSN 0351-0271. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
^Mehle Mihovec, Barbka (19 March 2008). "Kje so naše meje?" [Where are our borders?]. Gorenjski glas (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^"Emona, Legacy of a Roman City – Culture of Slovenia". www.culture.si. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
^Mehle Mihovec, Barbka (19 March 2008). "Kje so naše meje?" [Where are our borders?]. Gorenjski glas (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
^"Volitve" [Elections]. Statistični letopis 2011 [Statistical Yearbook 2011]. Vol. 15. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2011. p. 108. ISSN 1318-5403. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
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Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport (Slovene: Letališče Jožeta Pučnika Ljubljana) (IATA: LJU, ICAO: LJLJ), also known by its previous name Brnik Airport (Slovene:...
Nogometni klub Olimpija Ljubljana (Slovene pronunciation: [nɔɡɔˈméːtni ˈklúːp ɔˈlìːmpija ljubˈljàːna]; English: Olimpija Ljubljana Football Club), commonly...
The Ljubljana Marshes Wheel is a wooden wheel that was found in the Ljubljana Marsh some 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia...
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the...
The Ljubljana Gap, less often the Ljubljana Gate (Slovene: Ljubljanska vrata), is a geographical term for the transition area between the Alps and Dinaric...
The Ljubljana Marsh (Slovene: Ljubljansko barje), located south of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, is the largest marsh in the country. It covers 163...
northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated...
The Ljubljana railway station (Slovene: Železniška postaja Ljubljana) is the principal railway station in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It was completed...
The Ljubljana Power Station is a coal-fired heat and power station in the Moste District of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. The plant is owned and...
Team Ljubljana Gusto Santic (UCI team code: LGS) is a Slovenian cycling team founded in 1949, which has competed as a UCI Continental team since 2005...
50833 Ljubljana Castle (Slovene: Ljubljanski grad, German: Laibacher Schloss) is a castle complex standing on Castle Hill above downtown Ljubljana, the...
Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis (Slovene: Ljubljanska psihoanalitska šola or Ljubljanska šola za psihoanalizo), also known as the Ljubljana Lacanian...
The Ljubljana Basin (Slovene: Ljubljanska kotlina) is a basin in the upper river basin of Sava. It is the most populated area in Slovenia and it is metropolitan...
name Petrol, Slovenska naftna družba, d.d. Ljubljana, and a year later the shares were listed on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. In 1996, internationalization...
The tram system in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, was originally built in 1901 and was operated until 1958. Slovenia was then part of Austria-Hungary...
The Ljubljana Synagogue is a house of prayer of the Federation of the Jewish Communities of Graz and Ljubljana, located in a residential building in the...
plošč RTV Ljubljana or Založba kaset in plošč Radiotelevizije Ljubljana (acronym ZKP RTLJ, meaning Publishing and Record Label RTV Ljubljana in Slovene)...
The Urban Municipality of Ljubljana (pronounced [ljuˈbljaːna]), also the City of Ljubljana (Slovene: Mestna občina Ljubljana, acronym MOL) is one of twelve...
Olimpija Ljubljana may refer to: HDD Olimpija Ljubljana, an ice hockey club dissolved in 2017 HK Olimpija, a current ice hockey club KK Cedevita Olimpija...
The Ljubljana Bank (Slovene: Ljubljanska banka) was a bank named after and based in Ljubljana, then the capital of the SR Slovenia in SFR Yugoslavia....
Ljubljana Cathedral (Slovene: ljubljanska stolnica), officially named Saint Nicholas's Church (cerkev sv. Nikolaja, unofficially also šenklavška cerkev)...
The Ljubljana Marathon (Slovene: Ljubljanski maraton) is a marathon organised in Ljubljana by the City Municipality of Ljubljana (MOL). It has been taking...
Ljubljana Zoo (Slovene: Živalski vrt Ljubljana) is a 19.6-hectare (48-acre) zoo in Ljubljana, Slovenia. It serves as the national zoo of Slovenia and is...
An earthquake struck Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Carniola, a crown land of Austria-Hungary and the capital of modern-day Slovenia, on Easter...
Ljubljana Pride is the annual Slovenian national LGBTIQ pride march, held in its capital of Ljubljana each June. The name also refers to the week of LGBT-related...