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Situational Leadership Theory, now named the Situational Leadership Model, is a model created by Dr. Paul Hersey and Dr. Ken Blanchard, developed while working on the text book, Management of Organizational Behavior.[1] The theory was first introduced in 1969 as "Life Cycle Theory of Leadership".[2] During the mid-1970s, Life Cycle Theory of Leadership was renamed "Situational Leadership Theory."[3]
Situational Leadership is one of several two-factor leadership theories or models that emerged starting in the mid-1940s[4] and continuing through the 1960s, which also include Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid, William James Reddin's 3D Theory, Herzberg's Two-factor theory, and others.
In the late 1970s/ early 1980s, Hersey and Blanchard both developed their own slightly divergent versions of the Situational Leadership Theory: The Situational Leadership Model (Hersey) and the Situational Leadership II model (Blanchard et al.).[5] In 2018, it was agreed that the Blanchard version of the model be trademarked as SLII and the Hersey version of the model to remain trademarked as Situational Leadership.[6]
The fundamental principle of the Situational Leadership Model is that there is no single "best" style of leadership. Effective leadership is task-relevant, and the most successful leaders are those who adapt their leadership style to the Performance Readiness level (ability and willingness) of the individual or group they are attempting to lead or influence. Effective leadership varies, not only with the person or group that is being influenced, but it also depends on the task, job, or function that needs to be accomplished.[3]
Several studies do not support all of the prescriptions offered by situational leadership theory.[7][8]
^Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1969). Management of Organizational Behavior – Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.
^Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. H. (1969). "Life cycle theory of leadership". Training and Development Journal. 23 (5): 26–34.
^ abHersey, P. and Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Management of Organizational Behavior 4th Edition– Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.
^Valesky, T. Explanation of Two-Factor Leadership Theories. Florida Gulf Coast University.
^Blanchard, Kenneth H., Patricia Zigarmi, and Drea Zigarmi. Leadership and the One Minute Manager: Increasing Effectiveness through Situational Leadership. New York: Morrow, 1985. Print.
^Pope, Julia (2018-08-23). "The Center for Leadership Studies and the Ken Blanchard Companies Resolve Intellectual Property Litigation". Situational Leadership Management and Leadership Training. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
^Cite error: The named reference fernandez1997 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference vecchio1987 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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