In Medicine shunt may also refer to Cardiac shunts, Cerebral shunts, Lumbar-peritoneal shunts, or Peritoneovenous shunts, for additional shunts in medicine see Shunt (medical).
The Shunt equation (also known as the Berggren equation) quantifies the extent to which venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung. “Shunt” and “dead space“ are terms used to describe conditions where either blood flow or ventilation do not interact with each other in the lung, as they should for efficient gas exchange to take place. These terms can also be used to describe areas or effects where blood flow and ventilation are not properly matched, though both may be present to varying degrees. Some references refer to “shunt-effect” or “dead space-effect” to designate the ventilation/perfusion mismatch states that are less extreme than absolute shunt or dead space.
The following equation relates the percentage of blood flow that is not exposed to inhaled gas, called the shunt fraction , to the content of oxygen in venous, arterial, and pulmonary capillary blood.
[1][2]
Where:
Qs = Pulmonary Physiologic Shunt (mL/min)
Qt = Cardiac Output (mL/min)
CCO2 = End-pulmonary-capillary Oxygen Content
CaO2 = Arterial oxygen content
CVO2 = Mixed Venous Oxygen Content
^West, John B. (2008). "Figure 5.3 Measurement of shunt flow". Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7817-7206-8.
^Leigh, J.M.; Tikrell, M.F.; Strickland, D.A. P. (1969-04-01). "Simplified Versions of the Shunt and Oxygen Consumption Equations". Anesthesiology. 30 (4): 468–470. doi:10.1097/00000542-196904000-00020. PMID 5773959.
The Shuntequation (also known as the Berggren equation) quantifies the extent to which venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung...
some de-oxygenated blood to the arterial system via the shunt. Shuntequation Cardiac shuntShunt (medical) Garay S, Kamelar D (1989). "Pathophysiology...
above equation and eliminates the need to know cardiac output and hemoglobin concentration. Mechanical shunts such as the Blalock-Taussig shunt are used...
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open-circuit voltage. Assuming the shunt resistance is high enough to neglect the final term of the characteristic equation, the open-circuit voltage VOC is:...
the many-body Schrödinger equation as the solution to the free-particle problem plus some unknown interaction parts. Equations that include operators acting...
In accelerator physics, shunt impedance is a measure of the strength with which an eigenmode of a resonant radio frequency structure (e.g., in a microwave...
echocardiography too, however.[citation needed] A "shunt run" is often done when evaluating for a shunt by taking blood samples from superior vena cava (SVC)...
rotor possible for DC electric motors: series, shunt/parallel and compound (various blends of series and shunt/parallel) and each has unique speed/torque...
related to the quantum Hall effect. RSFQ digital electronics is based on shunted Josephson junctions. In this case, the junction switching event is associated...
approximately constant. The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a pair of linear differential equations which describe the voltage ( V {\displaystyle...
general, FACTs devices improve power and voltage in three different ways: Shunt Compensation of Voltage (replacing the function of capacitors or inductors)...
consumption}}{\text{arteriovenous oxygen difference}}}} Assuming there is no intracardiac shunt, the pulmonary blood flow equals the systemic blood flow. Measurement of...
treated with a shunt which drains cerebrospinal fluid from the brain. All shunts have a valve to relieve excess pressure in the brain. The shunt may lead into...
Encyclopedia of Math Patranabis, D.; Dana, S. K. (December 1985), "Single-shunt fault diagnosis through terminal attenuation measurement and using Fibonacci...
capacitance can be ignored and shunt components are not necessary for the model. Lines with more length, contain a shunt admittance governed by Y = y l...
Δ ω = R L L . {\displaystyle \Delta \omega ={\frac {R_{L}}{L}}\,.} The shunt version of the circuit is intended to be driven by a high impedance source...
balance the equation some pre-fault reactive generator use will be required. Other sources of reactive power that will also be used include shunt capacitors...
Electrical Engineering , a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt-connected, reactive compensation device used on transmission networks. It...
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needed, both shunt and series elements may be used, with the shunt diodes biased in complementary fashion to the series elements. Adding shunt elements effectively...
needed] The continuity equation states that the flow in one area must equal the flow in a second area if there are no shunts between the two areas. In...
four terminal resistors. Historically Kelvin Bridges were used to measure shunt resistors for Ammeters and sub one ohm reference resistors in Metrology...
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