Empire in China from 221 to 263; one of the Three Kingdoms
Not to be confused with Shuhan or han shu.
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Han
漢
May 221–c.Dec 263
The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D.
Capital
Chengdu
Common languages
Ba–Shu Chinese Eastern Han Chinese
Religion
Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government
Monarchy
Emperor
• 221 – 223
Liu Bei
• 223 – 263
Liu Shan
Historical era
Three Kingdoms
• Established
May 221
• Conquest of Shu by Wei
c.Dec 263
Population
• 221[1]
900,000
• 263[1]
1,082,000
Currency
Ancient Chinese coinage, Chinese cash
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Eastern Han
Cao Wei
Today part of
China Myanmar
Shu Han
Traditional Chinese
蜀漢
Simplified Chinese
蜀汉
Hanyu Pinyin
Shǔ Hàn
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Shǔ Hàn
Bopomofo
ㄕㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Shuu Hann
Wade–Giles
Shu3 Han4
Tongyong Pinyin
Shǔ Hàn
IPA
[ʂù xân]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Suhk Hon
Jyutping
Suk6 Hon3
IPA
[sok̚˨ hɔːn˧]
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Han (漢; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han (蜀漢[ʂù xân]ⓘ) or Ji Han (季漢 "Junior Han"),[2] or often shortened to Shu (Chinese: 蜀; pinyin: Shǔ; Sichuanese Pinyin: Su2 < Middle Chinese: *źjowk < Eastern Han Chinese: *dźok[3]), was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. The state was based in the area around present-day Hanzhong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, and north Guangxi, an area historically referred to as "Shu" based on the name of the past ancient kingdom of Shu, which also occupied this approximate geographical area. Its core territory also coincided with Liu Bang's Kingdom of Han, the precursor of the Han dynasty.
Shu Han's founder, Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie), had named his dynasty "Han", as he considered it a rump state of the Han dynasty and thus the legitimate successor to the Han throne, while the prefix "Shu" was first used by the rival state of Cao Wei to delegitimize the orthodoxy claims of the Shu Han state.[4] Later on when writing the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the historian, Chen Shou, also used the prefix "Shu" to describe Liu Bei's state of Han as a historiographical prefix to differentiate it from the many other states officially named "Han" throughout Chinese history.[5]
^Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, "Book of Shu: Accounts of Deng, Zhang, Zong, & Yang", section Yang Xi: quote: "戲以延熙四年著《季漢輔臣贊》"; translation: "[Yang] Xi, in the fourth year of Yanxi era [241 CE], composed 'Praises for the Supportive Ministers of Ji Han.'"
^Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. 157
^An example is a quote by Wei general Zhong Hui: "事成，可得天下；不成，退保蜀漢，不失作劉備也。" tr: "If we'd succeed, we'd have all under Heaven; if we'd not succeed, we'd retreat and defend Shu Han and not lose, just as Liu Bei did." in Sanguozhi vol. 28
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