itchiness, rash, swelling of lips, tongue or the whole face, eczema, wheezing and shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anaphylaxis[1][2]
Causes
Type I hypersensitivity[3]
Risk factors
Childhood in Middle East, where sesame is a traditional food, and increasingly in developed countries[4]
Diagnostic method
Medical history and standard allergy tests[5]
Differential diagnosis
Peanut allergy, Tree nut allergy[6]
Prevention
Introduction to allergenic foods during infancy[7]
Treatment
Epinephrine[8] Antihistamines (mild)[9][10]
Prognosis
70% to 80% persist into adulthood[4]
Frequency
0.1–0.2% (higher in Middle East countries)[11][12]
A food allergy to sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds has prevalence estimates in the range of 0.1–0.2% of the general population,[11][12][13][4] and are higher in the Middle East and other countries where sesame seeds are used in traditional foods.[4] Reporting of sesame seed allergy has increased in the 21st century, either due to a true increase from exposure to more sesame foods or due to an increase in awareness.[11][12][3] Increasing sesame allergy rates have induced more countries to regulate food labels to identify sesame ingredients in products and the potential for allergy.[14][15][16] In the United States, sesame became the ninth food allergen with mandatory labeling, effective 1 January 2023.[14]
The allergic reaction is an immune hypersensitivity to proteins and lipophilic proteins in sesame seeds and foods made with sesame seeds, including food-grade sesame oil. Symptoms can be either rapid or gradual in onset, occurring over minutes to days. Rapid allergic reaction may include anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition requiring treatment with epinephrine.[17] Other, slower presentations may include atopic dermatitis or inflammation of the esophagus.[18] For food labeling requirements established in many countries, sesame labeling is required in addition to the eight most common food allergens, responsible for 90% of allergic reactions to foods: cow's milk, eggs, wheat, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and soy beans.[19][20]
In addition to water-soluble allergenic proteins, sesame seeds share with peanuts and hazelnuts a class of allergenic proteins known as oleosins. Commercially prepared sesame extracts lack these lipophilic proteins, and so can be the reason for false negative skin prick test results even though the oleosins can be responsible for a range of allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock.[21] Unlike early childhood allergic reactions to milk and eggs, which often lessen as children age,[22] sesame allergy persists into older childhood and adulthood; an estimated 20–30% of affected people develop tolerance.[4] Strong predictors for adult-persistence are anaphylaxis, high sesame-specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and robust response to the skin prick test. Sesame allergy can be cross-reactive with allergy to peanuts, hazelnuts, and almonds.[6]
^Cite error: The named reference medlineplus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference MedicalNews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abGangur V, Kelly C, Navuluri L (July 2005). "Sesame allergy: a growing food allergy of global proportions?". Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 95 (1): 4–11. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61181-7. PMID 16095135.
^ abcdeAdatia A, Clarke AE, Yanishevsky Y, Ben-Shoshan M (April 2017). "Sesame allergy: current perspectives". J Asthma Allergy. 10: 141–51. doi:10.2147/JAA.S113612. PMC 5414576. PMID 28490893.
^Cite error: The named reference Overview was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Dreskin2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Ferraro2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference EAACI2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Choosing Wisely: Don't rely on antihistamines as firstline treatment in severe allergic reactions". American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
^Fineman SM (July 2014). "Optimal Treatment of Anaphylaxis: Antihistamines Versus Epinephrine". Postgraduate Medicine. 126 (4): 73–81. doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.07.2785. PMID 25141245. S2CID 25203272.
^ abcPatel A, Bahna SL (October 2016). "Hypersensitivities to sesame and other common edible seeds". Allergy. 71 (10): 1405–13. doi:10.1111/all.12962. PMID 27332789. S2CID 13026863.
^ abcDalal I, Goldberg M, Katz Y (August 2012). "Sesame seed food allergy". Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 12 (4): 339–45. doi:10.1007/s11882-012-0267-2. PMID 22610362. S2CID 11111725.
^Warren CM, Chadha AS, Sicherer SH, Jiang J, Gupta RS (August 2019). "Prevalence and Severity of Sesame Allergy in the United States". JAMA Netw Open. 2 (8): e199144. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9144. PMC 6681546. PMID 31373655.
^ abCite error: The named reference SesameLaw2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference EU2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Taylor SL, Baumert JL (2015). "Worldwide food allergy labeling and detection of allergens in processed foods". Chem Immunol Allergy. Chemical Immunology and Allergy. 101: 227–34. doi:10.1159/000373910. ISBN 978-3-318-02340-4. PMID 26022883.
^Cite error: The named reference Muraro2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^National Report of the Expert Panel on Food Allergy Research, NIH-NIAID 2003 "National Report of the Expert Panel on Food Allergy Research" (PDF). 30 June 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 7 August 2006.
^"Food Allergies" Archived 6 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America
^Cite error: The named reference NHS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Jappe2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Urisu A, Ebisawa M, Ito K, Aihara Y, Ito S, Mayumi M, Kohno Y, Kondo N (September 2014). "Japanese Guideline for Food Allergy 2014". Allergol Int. 63 (3): 399–419. doi:10.2332/allergolint.14-RAI-0770. PMID 25178179.
A food allergy to sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds has prevalence estimates in the range of 0.1–0.2% of the general population, and are higher in the Middle...
effect is rare, estimated at 0.1–0.2% of the population. Reports of sesameallergy are growing in developed countries during the 21st century, with the...
Twarog FJ, et al. (2009). "Sesameallergy: role of specific IgE and skin-prick testing in predicting food challenge results". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings...
nuts, soy, wheat, and sesame. The common allergies vary depending on the country. Risk factors include a family history of allergies, vitamin D deficiency...
Individuals with allergies or sensitivities should be cautious, especially regarding sesame, a common ingredient in Baba Ganoush. Sesameallergy is one of the...
that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies. In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen that is capable of stimulating...
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in...
Foods". Allergy Advisor. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. "SesameAllergy: A growing food allergy". Kids with...
Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts. It is different from tree nut allergies, because peanuts are legumes and not true nuts. Physical...
symptoms appear to be improving. Common causes include allergies to insect bites and stings, allergies to foods – including nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, eggs...
A tree nut allergy is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from tree nuts and edible tree seeds causing an overreaction of the immune system which...
them. On February 23, he returned to the Charge. Smith has peanut and sesameallergies. His father, Billy, played college basketball for the Kansas State...
Shellfish allergy is among the most common food allergies. "Shellfish" is a colloquial and fisheries term for aquatic invertebrates used as food, including...
Allergies in children, an incidence which has increased over the last fifty years, are overreactions of the immune system often caused by foreign substances...
after chefs Yotam Ottolenghi and Antonio Carluccio. Carner has nut and sesameallergies. In 2018, he appeared in a film for a project by the charity organisation...
"Food Allergy Quick Facts". National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. February 24, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2014. "Peanut Allergy on the...
label products with allergy information. In July 2016, 15-year-old Natasha Ednan-Laperouse died from an allergic reaction to sesame after eating a Pret...
stasjon (English: Sesame Station) was a 1990s Norwegian children's television series that ran on NRK1 (and sometime NRK2) based on Sesame Street. It quickly...
and soy". On April 23, 2021, the Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research (FASTER) Act added sesame as the ninth major allergen. Title II...
Allergy". Allergy Society of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2010-04-02. Retrieved 2010-07-04. Auckland Allergy Clinic, "Seafood Allergy"...
A; Kanny, G (2002). "Food allergy and IgE sensitization caused by spices: CICBAA data (based on 589 cases of food allergy)". Allergie et Immunologie...
War II. Unrefined peanut oil is used as a flavorant for dishes akin to sesame oil. Refined peanut oil is commonly used for frying volume batches of foods...
nonexclusive production deal with Sesame Workshop, the creators of Sesame Street, Dragon Tales, and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat. Sesame Workshop agreed to house...
coloring compounds, but it has been linked to rare cases of food-related allergies. Annatto is of particular commercial value in the United States because...