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Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Type
Serial communication bus
Production history
Designer
Motorola
Designed
Around early 1980s[note 1]
Manufacturer
various
Daisy chain
Depends on devices
Connector
Unspecified
Electrical
Max. voltage
Unspecified
Max. current
Unspecified
Data
Width
1 bit (bidirectional)
Max. devices
Multidrop limited by chip selects. Daisy chaining unlimited.
Protocol
Full-duplex serial
Pinout
MOSI
Master Out Slave In
MISO
Master In Slave Out
SCLK
Serial Clock
CS
Chip Select (one or more)
(pins may have alternative names)
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a de facto standard (with many variants) for synchronous serial communication, used primarily in embedded systems for short-distance wired communication between integrated circuits.
SPI uses a master–slave architecture, described here with the terms "main" and "sub",[note 2][1] where one[note 3] main device orchestrates communication with some number of peripheral (sub) devices by driving the clock signal and chip select signal(s).
Motorola's original specification (early 1980s) uses four wires to perform full duplex communication. It is sometimes called a four-wire serial bus to contrast with three-wire variants which are half duplex, and with the two-wire I²C and 1-Wire serial buses.
Typical applications include interfacing microcontrollers with peripheral chips for Secure Digital cards, liquid crystal displays, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, flash and EEPROM memory, and various communication chips.
SPI may be accurately described as a synchronous serial interface,[2] but it is different from the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) protocol.[note 4]
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
^Dhaker, Piyu (2018). "Introduction to SPI Interface". Analog Dialogue. Archived from the original on 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
^"What is Serial Synchronous Interface (SSI)?". Retrieved 2015-01-28.
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